Fig. 1. Biological therapies for atopic dermatitis. In the treatment of atopic dermatitis, each biologics acts as follows: dupilumab is an IL-4Rα monoclonal antibody, lebrikizumab and tralokinumab are IL-13 monoclonal antibodies, nemolizumab is an IL-31 receptor A monoclonal antibody, mepolizumab is an IL-5 monoclonal antibody, tezepelumab is a thymic stromal lymphopoietin monoclonal antibody, and fezakinumab is an IL-22 monoclonal antibody. IL: interleukin, IFN: interferon, IDEC: inflammatory dermal dendritic cells, LC: Langerhans cell, TSLP: thymic stromal lymphopoietin, ILC: innate lymphoid cell, FFA: free fatty acid, JAK: Janus kinase inhibitor, TYK: tyrosine kinase, STAT: signal transducers and activators of trasncription.