Table 3. Summary of literature reviews.
| No. | Study | Sex | Age | Ethnicity | Cancer type | Stage | ICIs | Line† | Cycles‡ | TB lesions | TB treatment | ICIs discontinuation | TB response | Corticosteroids |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fujita et al. (15) (2016) | Male | 72 | Japanese | LUSC | IV | Nivolumab | 3 | 8 | Lung | NS | Yes | NS | NS |
| 2 | Chu et al. (13) (2017) | Male | 59 | Chinese | LUAD | IV | Nivolumab | NS | 6 | Pericardium | 6-month treatment | Interrupted, resumed after one-month prednisolone | pericardial & pleural effusion regressed | Prednisolone, 1 mg/kg for 1 month |
| 3 | Picchi et al. (23) (2018) | Male | 64 | Caucasian | NOS | NS | Nivolumab | NS | 2 | Bone | 4-drug regimen | Yes | rapid death after a second operation for spinal cord compression | NS |
| 4 | Jensen et al. (19) (2018) | Male | 56 | Caucasian | LUAD | IIIC | Nivolumab | 3 | 12 | Lung | NS | Yes | NS | NS |
| 5 | Takata et al. (25) (2019) | Male | 75 | Japanese | LUAD | IV | Nivolumab | NS | 15 | Lung | 2HREZ/7HR | Interrupted for 3.5 months | negative sputum culture conversion + pulmonary lesions disappeared | Prednisolone, 30 mg/d for 1 month |
| 6 | Inthasot et al. (18) (2020) | Male | 69 | NS | LUAD | NS | Nivolumab | 2 | 18 | Lung | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| 7 | van Eeden et al. (26) (2019) | Female | 56 | Caucasian | LUAD | IV | Nivolumab | 3 | NS | Lung | HREZ | Interrupted, and failed to resume (dead shortly after PD) | improved clinically | Corticosteroids, i.v., NS |
| 8 | Crawley et al. (14) (2020) | Male | 58 | Caucasian | LUAD | IV | Pembrolizumab + AC |
1 | 2 | Lung | HREZ | Interrupted for a period, NS | improved clinically within 48 hours | Prednisolone, p.o., 40 mg/d (high-dose dexamethasone was given before ICI treatment) |
| 9 | Im et al. (17) (2020) | Male | 63 | Korean | LUAD | NS | Nivolumab | 4 | 41 | Lung | HREZ | No | NS | No |
| 10 | Im et al. (17) (2020) | Male | 79 | Korean | LUSC | NS | Pembrolizumab | 2 | 14 | Lung | HREZ | Yes | NS | Prednisolone, p.o., 30 mg/d for1 month |
| 11 | Suliman et al. (24) (2021) | Female | 58 | Caucasian | LUAD | IV | Pembrolizumab | 1 | 6 | Lung | 4-drug regimen | Yes | negative sputum AFB conversion after 6 weeks following anti-TB | No |
| 12 | Zhang et al. (28) (2020) | Male | 57 | Chinese | LUAD | IV | Pembrolizumab | 1 | 4 | Pleura | HRE | Interrupted for 2 months, and failed to resume (tumor PD) |
controlled by medication | NS |
| 13 | Murakami et al. (22) (2021) | Male | 73 | Japanese | LUAD | IV | Pembrolizumab | 1 | 5 | Lung | HREZ | Interrupted over one year | controlled by medication | Prednisolone, p.o., 15 mg/d for 2 weeks due to myositis after the 5th cycle Prednisolone, 0.5 mg/kg/d for 3 months due to suspected CIP |
| 14 | Fujita et al. (16) (2020) | Female | 79 | Japanese | LUAD | IV | Nivolumab | 3 | 5 | Knee joint | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| 15 | Fujita et al. (16) (2020) | Male | 74 | Japanese | LUSC | IIIB | Pembrolizumab | 2 | 4 | Lung | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| 16 | Fujita et al. (16) (2020) | Male | 79 | Japanese | NOS | IV | Nivolumab | 2 | 4 | Lung | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| 17 | Fujita et al. (16) (2020) | Male | 64 | Japanese | LUSC | IIIB | Pembrolizumab | 2 | 3 | Lung | NS | NS | NS | NS |
†, lines of ICIs used; ‡, numbers of cycles of ICIs used till TB diagnosis. LUSC, lung squamous cell carcinoma; LUAD, lung adenocarcinoma; NOS, not otherwise specified; NS, not specified; WT, wild type; NA, not available; ICIs, immune checkpoint inhibitors; AC, pemetrexed + carboplatin; PR, partial response; SD, stable disease; PD, progression disease; H, isoniazid; R, rifampicin; E, ethambutol; Z, pyrazinamide; AFB, acid-fast bacillus; i.v., injectio venosa; p.o., per os; CIP, checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis.