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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Gastroenterology. 2021 Jun 7;161(3):940–952.e15. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.05.054

Figure 1. Identification and cultivation of a key commensal Bacteroides strain that is important for host immune development.

Figure 1.

(A) The detection rates of bacterial metagenomic-assembled genomes (MAGs) in fecal samples obtained from dams and pups over time. Each column represents a single MAG and each row represents an individual sample. The darker the cell, the greater the relative abundance. Metadata for each sample is presented to the right of the heat map. Colored bars at the bottom of the heatmap represent the MAG annotations at the phylum level. Green arrows indicate CPZ-sensitive MAGs that are residents of IL-10 KO dams and their NT offspring that did not develop colitis, but which emerged later in life of the CPZ group offspring that develop colitis. (B) Pangenome analysis and assessment of average nucleotide identity (ANI) for 18 assembled genomes based on whole genome sequencing for 18 isolated cultivars compatible with MAG1 shown together with MAG1 and the four most similarly related complete genomes registered in the BLAST database. Each circular layer represents an individual MAG and darker areas in each layer show the gene clusters contained by each MAG contains. The ANI is presented in the right upper area corner in this figure. Each column represents an individual MAG corresponding to the circular layer. Each row presents an individual MAG in the order corresponding to the order of round layers from top to bottom. Red cell means > 99% identity. Detailed results of ANI are presented in Table S4. (C) IL-12p40 production of dendritic cells (DCs). DCs were isolated from spleen of male IL-10 KO mice at 7 weeks of age and stimulated using bacterial lysates from Bacteroides strain CL1-UC(Bc), B. thetaiotaomicron (Bt), Lactobacillus murinus (Lm), and Lachnospiraceae bacterium (ATCC BAA-2281) (Lb), or BLNK: blank control with sterile PBS (n = 5 per group). (D) IL-12p40 and IFNγ production as well as Th1 differentiation in co-culture assays of DCs and naïve CD4+ T cells from male animals. Flow cytometry data represent the percentage of live TCRβ+CD4+T-bet+ cells out of live TCRβ+CD4+ cells (n = 4-5 per group). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001. Data represent mean ± SEM for (C) and (D).