Table 1.
Demographics and comparing personal protective equipment, cohorting, testing and outcome-related variables between periods 1 and 2.
| demographics | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P1 (n = 617) | P2 (n = 617) | Difference [S.E.] | Total (n = 617) |
||
| organization | hospital -% (n) | 82.7 (510) | |||
| home care service -% (n) | 9.9 (61) | ||||
| residential care -% (n) | 5.8 (36) | ||||
| other -% (n) | 1.6 (10) | ||||
| occupation | nurse -% (n) | 93.4 (576) | |||
| nursing aid or midwife -% (n) | 6.6 (41) | ||||
| mean age - years (SD) | 43.25 (11.49) | ||||
| mean working experience in current job - years (SD) | 14.05 (11.25) | ||||
| mean working experience in healthcare - years (SD) | 20.00 (12.06) | ||||
| actively caring for COVID-patients -% (n) § | 89.6 (553) | 71.8 (443) | −17.8 £ [2.2] | 61.4 (379) | |
| personal protective equipment$ | |||||
| P1 | P2 | difference [S.E.] | p-value | ||
| PPE sufficient availability -% [n = 376] | 82.1 | 95.5 | +13.4 [2.2] | <0.001 * | |
| PPE availability score - mean (SD) [n = 376] | 3.11 (0.74) | 3.46 (0.61) | +0.35 [0.04] | <0.001 # | |
| correct PPE selection -% (n) [n = 254] | 63.8 | 67.7 | +3.9 [4.2] | 0.282 * | |
| sufficient PPE training -% [n = 580] | 48.6 | 65.0 | +16.4 [2.9] | <0.001 * | |
| PPE training score - mean (SD) [n = 580] | 2.45 (0.81) | 2.81 (0.89) | +0.36 [0.04] | <0.001 # | |
| cohorting and screening availability | |||||
| P1 (n = 617) | P2 (n = 604) |
difference [S.E.] |
p-value | ||
| COVID patients are separated from non-COVID patients (cohorting) -% (n) | 60.6 (374) | 66.9 (404) | +6.3 [2.8] | 0.004 * | |
| we can test (PCR) potentially infected patients (screening) -% (n) | 73.4 (453) | 85.7 (517) | +12.3 [2.3] | <0.001 * | |
| outcomes | |||||
| P1 (n = 617) | P2 (n = 617) | difference[S.E.] | p-value | ||
| at least one test done for COVID (PCR) -% (n) | 54.8 (338) | 66.1 (408) | +11.3 [2.8] | <0.001 * | |
| ‘a’ | at least one positive COVID PCR test -% (n) | 10.2 (63) | 10.4 (64) | +0.2 [1.7] | 1.000 * |
| ‘b’ | positive COVID case definition -% (n) | 60.8 (375) | 53.5 (330) | −7.3 [2.8] | 0.001 * |
| positive COVID case definition and never tested for COVID -% (n) | 37.1 (229) | 13.8 (85) | −23.3 [2.4] | <0.001 * | |
| ‘a’ OR ‘b’ -% (n) | 62.6 (386) | 57.4 (354) | −5.2 [2.8] | 0.018* | |
| became COVID positive during study OR ‘b’ -% (n) | 53.6 (331) | ||||
P1 = period 1; P2 = period 2; S.E. = Standard Error; PPE = personal protective equipment; PCR = Polymerase Chain Reaction.
£ McNemar test p <0.001.
§ percentage of respondents who were actively caring for COVID patients in the week before responding to the survey in period 1 as well as period 2.
$ questions regarding personal protective equipment availability and selection were only shown to respondents actively caring for COVID patients in each period, respondents with a missing value in period 1 or 2 were excluded from this table.
% PPE sufficient availability = respondents who agreed that personal protective equipment was sufficiently available; % sufficient PPE training = respondents who agreed that they received sufficient personal protective equipment training; % cohorting = respondents who agreed that they could physically separate COVID from non-COVID patients; % screening = respondents who agreed that they could test potentially infected patients using a PCR test.
Differences are reported as proportional differences for proportions (with standard error) and mean difference for continuous variables (with standard error of the mean).
McNemar Test; # Paired t-test.