Fig. 1.

(A) Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and (B) Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) scores plots for n = 8 males. This analysis was carried out using a list of urinary metabolites found to be statistically significant by either paired t-test/Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney or VIAVC testing. The 95% confidence interval is indicated by the shaded ellipses. In the case of the PCA scores plots the x- and y-axis show the data variance explained by principle components 1 and 2, respectively. In the case of the OPLS-DA scores plot the x- and y-axis show the predictive (between group) and orthogonal (within group) variation, respectively. The numbers represent the patient code for each individual sample. The following are the cross-validation and permutation measures for the OPLS-DA figure: R²Y = 0.959 (p < 0.0005), Q² = 0.785 (p < 0.0005).