Table 1.
Univariate analysis of pre-/intraoperative patient characteristics and histology
| No POPF/ POPF A n=153 (84%) |
POPF B/C n =29 (16%) |
p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median/N | Range/% | Median/N | Range/% | ||
| Preoperative patient characteristics | |||||
| Age, median (years) | 66 | (19–85) | 65 | (52–84) | 0.94 |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 81 | 53% | 19 | 66% | 0.296 |
| Female | 72 | 47% | 10 | 34% | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.8 | (16.33–42.02) | 26.1 | (15.47–37.11) | 0.043 |
| Need of care | |||||
| Partial/full | 3 | 2% | 3 | 10% | 0.08 |
| None | 150 | 98% | 26 | 90% | |
| ASA-classification | |||||
| I/II | 87 | 57% | 10 | 34% | 0.044 |
| III/IV/V | 66 | 43% | 19 | 66% | |
| Alcohol abuse | 11 | 7% | 0 | 0% | 0.287 |
| Weight loss | 27 | 18% | 4 | 14% | 0.813 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 35 | 23% | 10 | 35% | 0.357 |
| Coronary artery disease | 17 | 11% | 6 | 21% | 0.263 |
| Neoadjuvant radio-/chemotherapy | 2 | 1% | 1 | 3% | 0.972 |
| Preoperative corticosteroids | 1 | 1% | 1 | 3% | 0.725 |
| Preoperative imunosuppression | 1 | 1% | 0 | 0% | 0.999 |
| Preoperative laboratory variables | |||||
| C-reactive protein (mg/dl) | 5.2 | (0.1–287) | 7.6 | (0.6–98) | 0.421 |
| White blood cell count (n/l) | 7185 | (5–16,200 | 7745 | (1140–16,490) | 0.306 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 12.7 | (6.9–19.3) | 13.45 | (9.3–29.9) | 0.191 |
| Creatinine (μmol/l) | 0.81 | (0.1–77.1) | 0.84 | (0.4–84.7) | 0.809 |
| Bilirubin (μmol/l) | 2.52 | (0.19–9174) | 2.17 | (0.46–2528) | 0.484 |
| γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (U/l) | 88.5 | (10–3959) | 156 | (9.19–1406) | 0.472 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (U/l) | 163 | (1–1814) | 252 | (45–697) | 0.972 |
| Amylase (U/l) | 59 | (1.4–443) | 103 | (18–464) | 0.041 |
| Lipase (U/l) | 51 | (1–1259) | 47.5 | (4–999) | 0.701 |
| Intraoperative characteristics | |||||
| Operation time (minutes) | 359 | (188–680) | 387 | (262–578) | 0.032 |
| Surgical procedure | 0.853 | ||||
| Laparoscopic/assisted | 48 | 31% | 8 | 28% | |
| Open | 105 | 69% | 21 | 72% | |
| Pancreatic anastomosis | 0.683 | ||||
| Closure | 1 | 1% | 0 | 0% | |
| PG | 128 | 84% | 26 | 90% | |
| PJ | 24 | 16% | 3 | 10% | |
| Portal vein resection | 26 | 17% | 3 | 10% | 0.535 |
| Intestinal resection | 1 | 1% | 0 | 0% | 0.999 |
| Main pancreatic duct diameter | < 0.001 | ||||
| Normal | 75 | 49% | 28 | 97% | |
| Dilated | 78 | 51% | 1 | 3% | |
| Pancreatic texture | < 0.001 | ||||
| Hard | 83 | 54% | 2 | 7% | |
| Soft | 70 | 46% | 27 | 93% | |
| Intraoperative red blood cell transfusion | 0 | (0–8) | 0 | (0–6) | 0.157 |
| Histological diagnosis | 0.093 | ||||
| Ampullary adenocarcinoma | 10 | 7% | 2 | 7% | |
| Ductal adenocarcinoma | 62 | 41% | 8 | 28% | |
| Distal bile duct Adenocarcinoma | 8% | 5% | 2 | 7% | |
| Duodenal adenocarcinoma | 4 | 3% | 1 | 3% | |
| Neuroendocrine tumor | 9 | 6% | 3 | 10% | |
| Cystic pancreatic neoplasm | 17 | 11% | 4 | 14% | |
| Chronic pancreatitis | 29 | 19% | 1 | 3% | |
| Pancreatic cyst | 1 | 1% | 0 | 0% | |
| Others | 13 | 8% | 8 | 28% | |
ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, PG pancreatogastrostomy, PJ pancreatojejunostomy
Significant values are shown in bold