Table 4.

Severity of penetration according to the food consistencies

Food consistency	8PPAS	Ineffective group (n = 50)	Effective group (n = 26)
Thick liquid	1.74 ± 1.25	2.04 ± 1.62	1.27 ± 0.53
Rice porridge	1.85 ± 1.12	2.26 ± 1.69	1.48 ± 1.42*
Curd-type yogurt	1.92 ± 1.36	2.36 ± 1.79	1.32 ± 0.85*
Thin liquid	2.81 ± 1.52	3.65 ± 2.40	2.38 ± 1.65*
Drinking from a cup	2.85 ± 1.37	3.30 ± 1.85	2.88 ± 2.06

Values are the mean ± standard deviation; 8PPAS: 8-point penetration-aspiration scale

*p < 0.05 by Mann–Whitney U test between effective and ineffective groups