Fig. 11.

Principles of in situ and ex situ cold perfusion under TVE (venovenous and portalvenous bypass is optional in all procedures). a In situ cold perfusion: in- and outflow occlusion of the liver is performed. A cold perfusion solution is infused through the PV and drained via IVC into the abdomen. A venovenous bypass can be placed. b Ante situm resection under cold perfusion: Dividing the suprahepatic IVC allows better lifting of the liver and visualization of the venous confluence. c Ex situ resection under cold perfusion (modified from [93]): the liver is completely removed from the patient and cold perfusion is applied on the back table