Table 3.

Adjusted association between each marginal week of MOUD use in pregnancy and maternal, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes

Outcome	Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)
	1 week	5 weeks	10 weeks	20 weeks
Postpartum MOUD continuationa	1.95 (1.87,2.04)	18.00 (15.18,21.35)	25.49 (22.29,29.16)	43.74 (38.48,49.72)
Overdoseb	0.98 (0.97,0.99)	0.91 (0.87,0.95)	0.83 (0.76,0.91)	0.67 (0.56,0.82)
Term Low Birthweightc	1.00 (0.99,1.00)	0.98 (0.96,1.01)	0.96 (0.92,1.01)	0.93 (0.84,1.02)
Preterm Birthd	0.99 (0.99,1.00)	0.96 (0.94,0.98)	0.93 (0.89,0.96)	0.86 (0.79,0.92)
NASe	1.41 (1.35,1.47)	4.14 (3.54,4.86)	3.33 (2.98,3.71)	2.71 (2.46, 2.98)

From multivariable logistic regression models (log-binomial model for overdose) adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, psychiatric disorders, non-OUD substance use disorders, tobacco use disorder, alcohol use disorder, maternal HIV or HCV infection ncy, and any prescription use of either SSRIs, gabapentins, or benzodiazepines. Models for term low birthweight and preterm birth were also adjusted for chronic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertensive disorders. Weeks duration of MOUD in pregnancy is modeled as a continuous exposure for overdose, term low birthweight, and preterm birth; and as a restricted cubic spline term for postpartum MOUD use and NASS. Robust sandwich estimator was used to account for non-independence of observations within each person.

^aPostpartum MOUD utilization is any utilization in first 12 weeks after delivery

^bOverdose defined as any overdose event in pregnancy or within 12 weeks after delivery

^cTerm low birthweight is <2500 g among infants born at >=37 weeks gestation

^dPreterm birth is <37 weeks gestation

^eNOWS is based on diagnoses in the first 90 days of life, excluding codes indicating iatrogenic withdrawal.