Table 7.
Demographic, phenotypic, and genetic characteristics of the genetic clusters.
| K-means Cluster Analysis | Agglomerative Hierarchical Cluster Analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Cluster I (N=148) | Cluster J (N=165) | Cluster K (N=106) | Cluster L (N=135) | Neither K nor L (N=72) | |
| Age (years): median (IQR) | 74.5 (69.5, 78.7) | 74.9 (68.9, 79.4) | 75.1 (70.0, 79.3) | 75.1 (69.3, 79.5) | 73.3 (66.4, 77.4) | |
| Male: n (%) | 68 (45.9) | 58 (35.2) | 50 (47.2) | 49 (36.3) | 27 (37.5) | |
| White: n (%) | 145 (98.0) | 165 (100.0) | 106 (100.0) | 135 (100.0) | 69 (95.8) | |
| Education: n (%) | High School or Less | 51 (34.5) | 56 (33.9) | 34 (32.1) | 48 (35.6) | 25 (34.7) |
| At least some College | 72 (48.6) | 76 (46.1) | 54 (50.9) | 63 (46.7) | 31 (43.1) | |
| Post-graduate | 25 (16.9) | 33 (20.0) | 18 (17.0) | 24 (17.8) | 16 (22.2) | |
| Smoking status: n (%) | Current | 6 (4.1) | 10 (6.1) | 4 (3.8) | 8 (5.9) | 4 (5.6) |
| Former | 77 (52.0) | 90 (54.5) | 52 (49.1) | 75 (55.6) | 40 (55.6) | |
| Never | 65 (43.9) | 65 (39.4) | 50 (47.2) | 52 (38.5) | 28 (38.9) | |
| Central GA: n (%) | 48 (32.4) | 52 (31.5) | 40 (37.7) | 45 (33.3) | 15 (20.8) | |
| Calcified Drusen: n (%) | 60 (40.5) | 72 (43.6) | 42 (39.6) | 57 (42.2) | 33 (45.8) | |
| GA Configuration: n (%) | Small (single patch <1DA) | 105 (70.9) | 95 (57.6) | 76 (71.7) | 74 (54.8) | 50 (69.4) |
| Multifocal | 26 (17.6) | 38 (23.0) | 18 (17.0) | 35 (25.9) | 11 (15.3) | |
| Horseshoe, Ring | 2 (1.4) | 4 (2.4) | 1 (0.9) | 4 (3.0) | 1 (1.4) | |
| Solid (center or not) | 14 (9.5) | 25 (15.2) | 10 (9.4) | 20 (14.8) | 9 (12.5) | |
| Indeterminate | 1 (0.7) | 3 (1.8) | 1 (0.9) | 2 (1.5) | 1 (1.4) | |
| Drusen Area Within the ETDRS Grid: n (%) | < circle C1 | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| < circle C2 | 2 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| < circle I2 | 0 (0.0) | 3 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
| < circle O2 | 8 (5.4) | 5 (3.0) | 5 (4.7) | 5 (3.7) | 3 (4.2) | |
| < 1/2 DA | 31 (20.9) | 29 (17.6) | 25 (23.6) | 22 (16.3) | 13 (18.1) | |
| < 1 DA | 31 (20.9) | 50 (30.3) | 20 (18.9) | 37 (27.4) | 24 (33.3) | |
| >= 1 DA | 75 (50.7) | 78 (47.3) | 53 (50.0) | 68 (50.4) | 32 (44.4) | |
| Maximum Drusen Size: n (%) | <63 μm (circle C0) | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| <125 μm (circle C1) | 3 (2.0) | 2 (1.2) | 3 (2.8) | 1 (0.7) | 1 (1.4) | |
| <250 μm (circle C2) | 66 (44.6) | 79 (47.9) | 45 (42.5) | 69 (51.1) | 31 (43.1) | |
| >=250 μm (circle C2) | 78 (52.7) | 84 (50.9) | 57 (53.8) | 65 (48.1) | 40 (55.6) | |
| GA in Fellow Eye: n (%) | 35 (23.6) | 36 (21.8) | 26 (24.5) | 31 (23.0) | 14 (19.4) | |
| RPD score: median (IQR) | 0.31 (0.08, 0.74) | 0.34 (0.11, 0.77) | 0.28 (0.06, 0.69) | 0.37 (0.13, 0.80) | 0.32 (0.11, 0.77) | |
| Square Root of GA area (mm): median (IQR) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.2) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.2) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) | |
| GA Enlargement from Regression of Square Root of GA area (mm/year): median (IQR) | 0.18 (0.08, 0.37) | 0.31 (0.09, 0.51) | 0.19 (0.08, 0.37) | 0.33 (0.08, 0.55) | 0.22 (0.10, 0.39) | |
| Visual acuity (ETDRS letters): median (IQR) | 77.0 (68.0, 83.0) | 75.0 (65.0, 81.0) | 76.0 (66.0, 83.0) | 75.0 (64.0, 81.0) | 75.0 (68.0, 82.0) | |
| 52 SNP-based Genetic Risk Score: median (IQR) | 15.1 (14.3, 16.1) | 16.0 (15.0, 16.7) | 15.1 (14.3, 15.8) | 16.0 (15.0, 16.6) | 15.9 (14.6, 16.5) | |
| Complement GRS: median (IQR) | 9.0 (8.3, 9.4) | 8.5 (7.9, 9.0) | 9.0 (8.3, 9.5) | 8.5 (8.1, 9.0) | 8.7 (8.0, 9.3) | |
| Extracellular matrix GRS: median (IQR) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.1) | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.0) | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.2) | |
| Lipid metabolism GRS: median (IQR) | 1.7 (1.5, 1.8) | 1.8 (1.6, 1.9) | 1.7 (1.5, 1.8) | 1.8 (1.7, 1.9) | 1.6 (1.3, 1.9) | |
| ARMS2 GRS: median (IQR) | 0.0 (0, 1.1) | 1.1 (1.1, 2.1) | 0.0 (0, 0) | 1.1 (1.1, 2.1) | 1.1 (0, 2.1) | |
Characteristics with apparent differences between clusters are highlighted in bold