Table 2.
Associations between detectable urinary concentrations of neonicotinoids with insulin and glucose homeostasis parameters in adults, NHANES 2015–2016a
| Insulin | HOMA-IR | Glucose | HbA1c | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD)b | β (95% CI) | Mean (SD)b | β (95% CI) | Mean (SD)b | β (95% CI) | Mean (SD)b | β (95% CI) | |
| Acetamiprid | 10.3 (8.9) | −2.4 (−8.7, 3.9) | 2.7 (2.3) | −0.6 (−2.4, 1.1) | 102.8 (13.0) | 0.9 (−11.8, 13.6) | 5.4 (0.4) | −0.1 (−0.4, 0.2) |
| Clothianidin | 10.5 (7.8) | 0.2 (−3.7, 4.2) | 2.8 (2.4) | 0.01 (−1.2, 1.2) | 104.0 (17.4) | 0.2 (−7.1, 7.4) | 5.4 (0.5) | −0.02 (−0.1, 0.1) |
| Imidacloprid | 8.8 (6.7) | −4.7 (−8.5, −0.8) | 2.3 (1.8) | −1.5 (−2.9, −0.1) | 101.3 (11.7) | −2.1 (−8.2, 4.0) | 5.4 (0.4) | −0.1 (−0.3, 0.1) |
| N-desmethyl-acetamiprid | 12.5 (12.6) | 0.5 (−1.8, 2.7) | 3.4 (4.9) | 0.2 (−0.6, 1.1) | 102.5 (14.4) | −1.0 (−3.5, 1.6) | 5.5 (0.5) | 0.003 (−0.1, 0.1) |
| 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid | 11.6 (9.0) | −2.4 (−4.6, −0.2) | 3.1 (2.7) | −0.7 (−1.5, 0.05) | 103.0 (12.9) | −1.0 (−4.5, 2.5) | 5.5 (0.5) | 0.0003 (−0.1, 0.1) |
Units: glucose, mg/dL; insulin, μIU/mL
a
Adjusted by age, sex, race/ethnicity, poverty income ratio, BMI, serum cotinine, hypertension status, and family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
b
Mean (SD) for individuals with detectable urinary concentrations of neonicotinoids