Table 2.
Characteristics of patients with an available BMI measurements in from Jan 1, 2014 to June 31, 2014 or from Jan 1, 2016 to June 31, 2016, stratified by patients with and without an obesity-related ICD code
| Characteristics | Total | Patients with ICD code | Patients without ICD codes | Stand Diff |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 73,644 | 16,280 | 57,364 | |
| Days before index date, mean (SD) | 45.9 (53.7) | 45.9 (53.7) | - | |
| Days after index date, mean (SD) | 71.5 (51.9) | 71.5 (51.9) | - | |
| Index year: 2014, n(%) | 36,518 (49.6) | 5,920 (36.4) | 30,598 (53.3) | 0.34 |
| Index year: 2016, n(%) | 37,126 (50.4) | 10,360 (63.6) | 26,766 (46.7) | −0.34 |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, mean years (SD) | 71.1 (11.1) | 67.5 (12.0) | 72.1 (10.7) | 0.40 |
| Male, n(%) | 30,275 (41.1) | 6,700 (41.2) | 23,575 (41.1) | 0.00 |
| White, n(%) | 64,099 (87.0) | 13,663 (83.9) | 50,436 (87.9) | 0.12 |
| Non-white, n(%) | 9,545 (13.0) | 2,617 (16.1) | 6,928 (12.1) | −0.12 |
| Co-severities | ||||
| BMI, median (IQR) | 27.5 (24.2 to 31.5) | 32.6 (28.5 to 37.3) | 26.6 (23.6 to 29.8) | −0.10 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 28.4 (6.1) | 33.2 (7.4) | 27.0 (4.9) | −0.99 |
| Smoking, n(%) | 9,205 (12.5) | 3,237 (19.9) | 5,968 (10.4) | −0.27 |
| Drug abuse, n(%) | 1,858 (2.5) | 735 (4.5) | 1,123 (2.0) | −0.14 |
| Alcohol abuse, n(%) | 1,889 (2.6) | 684 (4.2) | 1,205 (2.1) | −0.12 |
| Hypertension, n(%) | 42,345 (57.5) | 11,218 (68.9) | 31,127 (54.3) | −0.30 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n(%) | 34,994 (47.5) | 8,994 (55.2) | 26,000 (45.3) | 0.20 |
| Type 2 Diabetes, n(%) | 9,282 (12.6) | 3,999 (24.6) | 5,283 (9.2) | −0.42 |
| Cardiovascular disease, n(%) | 17,450 (23.7) | 4,980 (30.6) | 12,470 (21.7) | −0.20 |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 6,373 (8.7) | 2,270 (13.9) | 4,103 (7.2) | −0.22 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 42,345 (57.5) | 11,218 (68.9) | 31,127 (54.3) | −0.30 |
| Ischemic heart disease, n (%) | 12,768 (17.3) | 3,565 (21.9) | 9,203 (16.0) | −0.15 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 4,378 (5.9) | 1,107 (6.8) | 3,271 (5.7) | −0.05 |
| TIA, n (%) | 1,377 (1.9) | 355 (2.2) | 1,022 (1.8) | −0.03 |
| PVD, n (%) | 4,233 (5.7) | 1,226 (7.5) | 3,007 (5.2) | −0.09 |
| Other cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 1,271 (1.7) | 331 (2.0) | 940 (1.6) | −0.03 |
| COPD, n(%) | 6,659 (9.0) | 2,063 (12.7) | 4,596 (8.0) | −0.15 |
| Asthma, n(%) | 6,155 (8.4) | 2,250 (13.8) | 3,905 (6.8) | −0.23 |
| Sleep apnea, n (%) | 4,776 (6.5) | 2,492 (15.3) | 2,284 (4.0) | −0.39 |
| GERD, n (%) | 12,461 (16.9) | 3,789 (23.3) | 8,672 (15.1) | −0.21 |
| Osteoarthritis, n (%) | 15,293 (20.8) | 4,308 (26.5) | 10,985 (19.1) | −0.18 |
| NAFLD or NASH, n (%) | 1,293 (1.8) | 633 (3.9) | 660 (1.2) | −0.17 |
| Bariatric surgery, n(%) | 135 (0.2) | 88 (0.5) | 47 (0.1) | −0.07 |
| Malignant cancer, n(%) | 18,010 (24.5) | 3,746 (23.0) | 14,264 (24.9) | 0.04 |
| Depression, n (%) | 12,305 (16.7) | 3,937 (24.2) | 8,368 (14.6) | −0.24 |
| Combined co-severity score, mean (SD) | 1.7 (2.6) | 2.3 (3.0) | 1.5 (2.4) | −0.29 |
| Frailty, n(%) | ||||
| <0.1 | 6,871 (9.3) | 853 (5.2) | 6,018 (10.5) | 0.20 |
| 0.1-<0.2 | 55,426 (75.3) | 11,562 (71.0) | 43,864 (76.5) | 0.13 |
| >=0.2 | 11,347 (15.4) | 3,865 (23.7) | 7,482 (13.0) | −0.28 |
| Medications | ||||
| Antihypertensives, n(%) | 34,744 (47.2) | 8,592 (52.8) | 26,152 (45.6) | 0.14 |
| Beta blocker, n(%) | 27,752 (37.7) | 6,808 (41.8) | 20,944 (36.5) | −0.11 |
| CCB, n(%) | 16,787 (22.8) | 4,185 (25.7) | 12,602 (22.0) | −0.09 |
| Diuretics, n(%) | 11,063 (15.0) | 3,681 (22.6) | 7,382 (12.9) | 0.26 |
| Nitrates, n(%) | 3,374 (4.6) | 1,049 (6.4) | 2,325 (4.1) | −0.10 |
| Other hypertension drugs, n(%) | 5,200 (7.1) | 1,597 (9.8) | 3,603 (6.3) | −0.13 |
| Statins, n(%) | 37,159 (50.5) | 8,999 (55.3) | 28,160 (49.1) | −0.12 |
| Non-insulin Antidiabetic drugs, n(%) | 9,602 (13.0) | 3,558 (21.9) | 6,044 (10.5) | −0.31 |
| Insulin, n (%) | 2,828 (3.8) | 1,282 (7.9) | 1,546 (2.7) | −0.23 |
| Antiobesity medications, n(%) | 121 (0.2) | 46 (0.3) | 75 (0.1) | −0.04 |
| Anticoagulants, n(%) | 9,154 (12.4) | 2,571 (15.8) | 6,583 (11.5) | −0.13 |
| Antiplatelets, n(%) | 3,573 (4.9) | 963 (5.9) | 2,610 (4.6) | −0.06 |
| COPD medications, n(%) | 16,121 (21.9) | 4,527 (27.8) | 11,594 (20.2) | −0.18 |
| PPI or H2 blocker, n (%) | 22,851 (31.0) | 6,450 (39.6) | 16,401 (28.6) | 0.23 |
| Opioids, n (%) | 14,174 (19.2) | 4,325 (26.6) | 9,849 (17.2) | −0.23 |
| NSAIDS, n (%) | 10,280 (14.0) | 2,971 (18.2) | 7,309 (12.7) | −0.15 |
| Antidepressant, n(%) | 22,032 (29.9) | 6,253 (38.4) | 15,779 (27.5) | −0.23 |
| Healthcare utilization | ||||
| Hospitalizations, mean (SD) | 0.2 (0.6) | 0.4 (0.8) | 0.2 (0.5) | −0.30 |
| ED visits, mean (SD) | 0.5 (1.1) | 0.7 (1.5) | 0.4 (0.9) | −0.24 |
| Outpatient visits, mean (SD) | 5.5 (4.8) | 6.7 (5.2) | 5.2 (4.6) | −0.31 |
| Number of drugs, mean (SD) | 7.4 (4.8) | 9.3 (5.5) | 6.8 (4.4) | −0.50 |
Abbreviations: standard deviation (SD), primary care physician (PCP), standardized difference (Stand. Diff.), body mass index (BMI), International classification of diseases (ICD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease (NAFLD), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), calcium-channel blockers (CCB), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), proton-pump inhibitors (PPI), emergency department (ED)