Table 4.
Training, validation, and test splits information for the segmentation and classification models.
| Task | Model | Training (cases) | Validation (cases) | Test (cases) | Cases ratio | Average time points per patient | Timepoint distribution (number of timepoints per number of patients) | Average age (mean ± SD) | Average KL (mean ± SD) | Sex distribution (male/female) | Total WOMAC pain scores (mean ± SD) | χ2 test correlation (sex) (p-values) | MANOVA one-way correlation (age|BMI) (p-values) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Segmentation | Bone | 57 (29) | 15 (8) | 30 (16) | 0.520 | 1.01 | 1:100 | 58.4 ± 8.19 | 0.6 ± 1.06 | 49/53 | 2.4 ± 2.90 | 0.745 | 0.413 |
| 2:1 | |||||||||||||
| Cartilage | 118 (114) | 28 (28) | 28 (28) | 0.977 | 2.0 | 2:87 | 61.6 ± 9.93 | 2.3 ± 0.94 | 90/84 | 4.3 ± 3.80 | 0.156 | 1 × 10–4 | |
| Classification | OA | 12,634 (5402) | 2558 (1111) | 5926 (2530) | 0.428 | 4.78 | 1:179 | 63.2 ± 9.17 | 1.3 ± 1.21 | 9005/12,113 | 2.1 ± 2.95 | 0.121 | 0.190 |
| 2:396 | |||||||||||||
| 3:419 | |||||||||||||
| 4:601 | |||||||||||||
| 5:1367 | |||||||||||||
| 6:527 | |||||||||||||
| 7:927 | |||||||||||||
| Chronic pain | 4029 (1324) | 1257 (411) | 2151 (713) | 0.329 | 2.42 | 1:1103 | 63.9 ± 9.38 | 1.2 ± 1.22 | 3510/3927 | 1.5 ± 2.77 | 0.179 | 0.0848 | |
| 2:771 | |||||||||||||
| 3:509 | |||||||||||||
| 4:345 | |||||||||||||
| 5:192 | |||||||||||||
| 6:104 | |||||||||||||
| 7:43 |
Demographic factors were controlled by testing for statistical independence across the splits using a Pearson’s chi-squared test (χ2) for the categorical sex variable and a one-way Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) for the joint effect of age and BMI.
Bold p-values are significant (p-value < 0.05).