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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Res. 2021 Jun 25;202:111570. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111570

Table 2.

Effects of inhibitory control on achievement skills in N = 200 participants.

N = 200 Effect of NEPSY INI
β t 95% CI p
WJ Basic Reading 0.03 0.36 −0.12, 0.17 .71
WJ Passage Comprehension 0.22 3.18 0.09, 0.36 <.001
WJ Spelling 0.12 1.68 −0.02, 0.26 .10
WJ Broad Math 0.32 4.82 0.19, 0.45 <.001

Basic Reading, Spelling, Passage Comprehension, and Broad Math served as the dependent variables in our main analyses. All models control for sex, ethnicity, NEPSY baseline naming performance, maternal country of birth (USA vs. other), language of prenatal interview (English vs. other), maternal marital status (married or live with partner >7 yrs vs. other) at prenatal visit, material hardship at prenatal visit, maternal years of education at prenatal visit, quality of home caregiving environment at child age 3 (Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment [HOME (Bradley, 1994);]), and early life stress at child age 5 (Pagliaccio et al., 2020), reported betas are standardized. WJ=Woodcock-Johnson-III; INI= NEPSY Inhibition-Inhibition; CI = confidence interval.