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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Anesthesiology. 2021 Dec 1;135(6):1132–1152. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000004046

Figure 2:

Figure 2:

Sleep and Circadian disruption and Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders. Preexisting sleep disorders and baseline neuropathology may contribute to sleep and circadian rhythm disruption in the perioperative period, which may then be a precipitating factor for perioperative neurocognitive disorders. OSA: Obstructive sleep apnea. PND: Perioperative neurocognitive disorders.