Table 2.
Summary of the studies evaluating the impact of the exposure to atmospheric pollutants on the HSP70 tissue expression and plasmatic concentration
| Reference | Design | Protein of interest | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| (Baldissera et al. 2018) |
Wistar rats Acute exposure (3 days) to 750 μg/100 μL of ROFA |
eHSP70 | ↑ |
| Expression of iHSP70 in the lymph node | = | ||
| Expression of iHSP70 in the thymus | = | ||
| Expression of iHSP70 in the spleen | = | ||
| eHSP70/iHSP70 ratio in the lymph node | = | ||
| eHSP70/iHSP70 ratio in the thymus | ↑ | ||
| eHSP70/iHSP70 ratio in the spleen | = | ||
| (Sancini et al. 2014) |
BALB/c male mice Intratracheal instillation of 100 mg of PM2.5 three times, every three days |
Pulmonary parenchyma iHSP70 expression | ↑ |
| Cardiac iHSP70 expression | ↑ | ||
| (Gasparotto et al. 2013) |
RAW 264.7 macrophages Incubation with nanoparticles and ultrafine particles of coal fly ashes 1 mg/mL for 24 h |
iHSP70 expression | ↑ |
| (Watterson et al. 2009) |
Human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) PM2.5 and PM10 12.5 and 25 μg/mL 24 h |
iHSP70 expression | ↑ |
| (Farina et al. 2013b) |
BALB/c mice Intratracheal instillation of 100 μg/animal of PM1 Three times, every three days |
Pulmonary iHSP70 expression | ↓ |
| (Farina et al. 2013a) |
BALB/c mice Intratracheal instillation of 100 μg/animal of PM10 Three times, every three days |
Pulmonary iHSP70 expression | ↑ |
| Cardiac iHSP70 expression | ↑ | ||
| (Gasparotto et al. 2018) |
Wistar rats HFD consumption (60%) for 24 weeks At the 21ª week, they also started to receive coal dust, in a chamber (10 mg/m3, 3 h/day) for 4 weeks. |
eHSP70 | = |
| (Goettems-Fiorin et al. 2016) |
B6.129SF2/J male mice HFD consumption (58.3%) for 24 weeks At the 13ª week, they also started to receive an intranasal instillation of 5 μg/10 μL of PM2.5 for 12 weeks |
eHSP70 | = |
| Adipose tissue iHSP70 expression | ↑ | ||
| Hepatic iHSP70 expression | ↑ | ||
| Gastrocnemius iHSP70 expression | = | ||
| Pancreatic iHSP70 expression | ↓ | ||
| eHSP70/iHSP70 ratio in the adipose tissue | = | ||
| eHSP70/iHSP70 ratio in the liver | = | ||
| eHSP70/iHSP70 ratio in the gastrocnemius | = | ||
| eHSP70/iHSP70 ratio in the pancreas | ↑ | ||
| (Costa-Beber et al. 2021a) |
Wistar female rats HFD consumption (58.3%) for 24 weeks ROFA exposure (250 μg/50 μL), once a day, 5 days/week, for 24 weeks OVX at the 12th week |
iHSP70 in the cardiac tissue | ↓* |
| eHSP70 | = | ||
| eHSP70/iHSP70 ratio in the cardiac tissue | = | ||
| (Costa-Beber et al. 2021b) |
Wistar female rats ROFA exposure (250 μg/50 μL), once a day, 5 days/week, for 24 weeks OVX at the 12th week |
iHSP70 in the cardiac tissue | ↓* |
| eHSP70 | = | ||
| eHSP70/iHSP70 ratio in the cardiac tissue | = | ||
| (Goettems-Fiorin et al. 2019) |
Wistar female rats ROFA exposure (250 μg/50 μL), once a day, 5 days/week, for 24 weeks OVX at the 12th week |
iHSP70 in the hepatic tissue | ↑ |
| eHSP70 | = | ||
| eHSP70/iHSP70 ratio in the hepatic tissue | = |
eHSP70, extracellular 70-kDa heat shock protein; HFD, high fat diet; iHSP70, intracellular 70-kDa heat shock protein; PM1, fine particulate matter (0.1 to 1 μm); PM2.5, fine particulate matter (0.1 to 2.5 μm); PM10, coarse particulate matter (2.5 to 10 μm); ROFA, residual oil fly ash. Possible outcomes: Up arrows indicate an increase in the protein of interest; down arrows indicate a reduction [* reduction back to basal levels]; equal signals ‘=’ indicate the absence of significant changes in that context