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. 2021 Nov 9;11:21939. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-01276-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Time evolution of effective reproduction number ( $R_{t}$ ) and absolute impact of travel restrictions on $R_{t}$ in four countries. Each subplot presents time evolution of $R_{t}$ and impact of interventions on $R_{t}$ for different top level administrative divisions of the country. The color of the regions (name in ISO 3166-2 code notation) represents the impact (increase or decrease of $R_{t}$ ) of interventions on that state. The radial wedges represent the time evolution of $R_{t}$ in the corresponding state, and color of the strips represent $R_{t}$ on a particular day. The countries are, from top left to bottom right: India, Switzerland, Germany,and Italy.