FIGURE 2.

The effects of host‐induced gene silencing (HIGS) for Rstps2 on Nicotiana benthamiana. (a) The phenotype of pTRV2::Rstps2‐infiltrated plants at 14 days after infiltration. (b) Reverse transcription PCR was used to monitor the expression levels of target genes in infiltrated plants. M: 2‐kb DNA ladder; 1: pTRV2::GFP; 2: pTRV2::PDS; 3: pTRV2::Rstps2. (c) Necrotic symptoms on leaves inoculated with GD‐118 at 5 days postinoculation (dpi). (d) Relative leaf area that was visibly infected at 5 dpi. (e) Relative amounts of GD‐118 DNA. Fungal biomass was measured by quantitative PCR and normalized to EF1α transcript levels of N. benthamiana. (f) Reactive oxygen species detection by 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining in tobacco leaves. (g) Quantified leaf areas with brown spots by DAB staining. (h) Gene expression levels of Rstps2. The data were normalized to the GAPDH transcript levels of GD‐118. Error bars represent SE (n = 3). **p < .01, ***p < .001, Student's t test