Table 3.

Association of resilience and extraversion with psychological distress and severe loneliness (Spearman rank correlation coefficients).

		Extraversion (BFI total)	Psychological distress [GSI T-score (BSCL) ≥ 63]	Severe loneliness (TILS ≥ 7)
Resilience RS-13 total	Spearman rho	0.407**	−0.310**	−0.214**
	p-value	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
	N	1,005	997	1,003
Extraversion BFI total	Spearman rho	–	−0.201**	−0.068*
	p-value	–	<0.001	0.032
	N	–	996	1,002

BFI, Big Five Inventory; BSCL, Brief-Symptom-Checklist; TILS, Three Item Loneliness Scale; RS-13, Resilience Scale.

^*p < 0.05;

^**p < 0.01.