FIGURE 6.

PpMAPKK5 overexpression potentiates the expression of PRs and enhances Arabidopsis resistance to Rhizopus stolonifer. (a) PpMAPKK5 transcription in 4‐week‐old wild‐type (WT) and transgenic plants. Transcription was normalized against the value of the reference gene AtActin2 and recorded as the mean ± SE. (b, c) The overexpression of PpMAPKK5 hindered Arabidopsis growth, as indicated by the smaller leaf length and lower biomass in OE6, OE9, OE12, and OE18 as compared with those of WT plants (bar = 1 cm). (d) Quantitative reverse transcription PCR reflects the transcription of NPR1 and PRs in WTs and OEs infected by R. stolonifer at 3 and 6 days postinoculation (dpi) with or without BABA treatment. **, significant (p < 0.01) difference between the WTs and OEs. (e) The disease symptoms of WT and PpMAPKK5‐overexpressing Arabidopsis at 6 dpi. (f) Arabidopsis leaves of WTs and OEs were stained with trypan blue to reveal necrotic areas. (g) Electrolyte leakage levels of Arabidopsis leaves from WTs and OEs