Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of study participants.
| Dengue | Influenza | Enterovirus/Rhinovirus | Metapneumo-virus | Other VIruses* | Healthy Control | Total | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 21 | 65 | 31 | 17 | 28 | 20 | 182 | |
| Age | ||||||||
| Mean | 34.2 | 40.5 | 40.5 | 60.1 | 42.5 | 18.3 | 39.4 | |
| Range | 15-72 | 18-80 | 19-86 | 33-90 | 19-80 | 18-20 | 15-90 | |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male | 14 | 27 | 12 | 8 | 12 | 11 | 84 | |
| Female | 7 | 38 | 19 | 9 | 16 | 9 | 98 | |
| Race | ||||||||
| Black | 1 (5.0%) | 34 (52.3%) | 19 (61.3%) | 7 (41.2%) | 13 (46.4%) | 1 (5.0%) | 75 (41.2%) | |
| White | 1 (5.0%) | 23 (35.4%) | 7 (22.6%) | 10 (58.8%) | 13 (46.4%) | 13 (65.0%) | 67 (36.8%) | |
| Asian | 19 (90.5%) | 7 (10.8%) | 4 (13.0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.6%) | 5 (25.0%) | 36 (19.7%) | |
| Unknown/Other | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.5%) | 1 (3.0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.6%) | 1 (5.0%) | 4 (2.2%) | |
| Fever | 20 (95.2%) | 64 (98.5%) | 26 (83.9%) | 16 (94.1%) | 20 (71.4%) | 0 (0%) | 146 (80.2%) | |
| Symptom Score** | Mean | 3.4 | 5.8 | 5.3 | 5.6 | 4.5 | 5.2 | |
| Median | 4 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 5 | ||
| IQR | 1 (3-4) | 2 (5-7) | 3 (4-7) | 2 (5-7) | 2.25 (3.75-5) | 2 (4-6) | ||
| Comorbidities*** | ||||||||
| Chronic Lung Disease | 9 (18.8%) | 12 (38.7%) | 7 (41.2%) | 3 (10.7%) | 0 (0%) | 31 (17.0%) | ||
| Hypertension | 21 (32.3%) | 8 (25.8%) | 9 (52.9%) | 10 (35.7%) | 0 (0%) | 49 (26.9%) | ||
| Hyperlipidemia | 11 (16.9%) | 6 (19.4%) | 7 (41.2%) | 6 (21.4%) | 0 (0%) | 30 (16.4%) | ||
| Smoking | 21 (32.3%) | 15 (48.4%) | 6 (35.3%) | 14 (50%) | 0 (0%) | 57 (31.3%) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 9 (18.8%) | 2 (6.5%) | 4 (23.5%) | 4 (14.2%) | 0 (0%) | 20 (11.0%) | ||
| Cancer | 1 (1.5%) | 0 (9%) | 5 (29.4%) | 4 (14.2%) | 0 (0%) | 10 (5.5%) | ||
| Outcomes | ||||||||
| Hospital Admission | 19 (90.5%) | 17 (26.2%) | 9 (29.0%) | 12 (70.6%) | 15 (53.6%) | 72 (39.6%) | ||
| Mean Hospital LOS (days)**** | 6.1 | 4.4 | 14.4 | 9.8 | 4.4 | 7.0 |
*Other viruses includes parainfluenza (10), Respiratory Syncytial Virus (7),adenovirus (5), Epstein Barr Virus (3), and cytomegalovirus (3).
**Symptom severity score based on 7 symptoms (nasal congestion, sneezing, cough, malaise, sore throat, fever, headache). One point was awarded for each symptom.
***Comorbidity data was not collected for viral subjects enrolled in Sri Lanka (19 dengue, 7 influenza, 4 entero/rhinovirus, 1 parainfluenza).
****Mean hospital length of stay calculation did not include healthy controls or subjects not admitted.