Table 2.

Brief description of therapeutic approaches mentioned by mental health professionals

Therapeutic approach	Therapeutic focus
Acceptance and commitment therapy37	Teaching mindfulness strategies to decrease avoidance and increase focus on the present
Cognitive–behavioural therapy33	Changing cognitive distortions and changing behaviours to improve mental health
Cognitive processing therapy47	Challenging unhelpful beliefs related to trauma
Counselling48	Providing emotional support to clients experiencing crisis, typically unstructured
Dialectical behavioural therapy34	Improving emotion regulation and improving relationships; is highly successful for borderline personality disorder
Emotion-focused therapy35	Increasing the awareness, acceptance, expression and regulation of emotion
Existential therapy49	Focuses on concepts related to human existence, such as death, responsibility and the meaning of life
Expressive therapy50	Using creative arts to facilitate the exploration of difficult emotions
Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing51	Encouraging the patient to recall a traumatic memory while simultaneously moving their eyes from side to side
Internal family systems52	Identifying and addressing the multiple ‘subpersonalities’ or families that form a person’s identity
Interpersonal psychotherapy43	Resolving interpersonal problems and facilitating social support
Mindfulness-based approaches53	Fostering greater awareness, attention and acceptance of present moment experiences
Psychodynamic therapy54	Increasing client awareness of the unconscious influences on their past and present behaviour
Solution-focused therapy55	Helping the client identify resources that will help them develop a realistic and sustainable solution to the problems they are facing
Upside down therapy56	Incorporating elements of play to increase distance between oneself and the content of one’s thoughts