Table 3.

Cox proportional hazards analysis of the risk factors for vertebral fracture

Factor		Univariate HR (95% CI)		Adjusted HR (95% CI)
		Males	Females	Males	Females
Age categories <75=reference	75–79	1.55 (1.35 to 1.78)*	1.25 (1.15 to 1.36)*	1.45 (1.26 to 1.66)*	1.20 (1.10 to 1.30)*
	85<	2.37 (2.02 to 2.78)*	1.34 (1.21 to 1.47)*	2.13 (1.81 to 2.51)*	1.24 (1.12 to 1.37)*
BMI categories normal weight=reference	Underweight	1.51 (1.26 to 1.82)*	1.11 (1.00 to 1.23)*	1.33 (1.10 to 1.61)*	1.07 (0.96 to 1.19)
	Overweight and obese	0.87 (0.73 to 1.02)	0.95 (0.86 to 1.04)	0.91 (0.77 to 1.08)	0.95 (0.86 to 1.05)
Use of alcohol No=reference	Yes	0.96 (0.85 to 1.09)	0.93 (0.85 to 1.02)	1.06 (0.94 to 1.19)	0.97 (0.89 to 1.06)
Smoking No=reference	Yes	0.92 (0.77 to 1.10)	1.13 (0.90 to 1.42)	0.93 (0.78 to 1.11)	1.17 (0.93 to 1.46)
CCI categories (low=reference)	Medium	1.83 (1.48 to 2.26)*	1.48 (1.34 to 1.65)*	1.74 (1.40 to 2.15)*	1.42 (1.28 to 1.57)*
	High	2.33 (1.87 to 2.91)*	1.82 (1.62 to 2.05)*	2.10 (1.68 to 2.62)*	1.67 (1.48 to 1.89)*
	Very high	2.83 (2.19 to 3.64)*	2.04 (1.72 to 2.42)*	2.52 (1.95 to 3.25)*	1.81 (1.52 to 2.14)*
Osteoporosis No=reference	Yes	2.24 (1.77 to 2.83)*	1.49 (1.38 to 1.61)*	1.83 (1.44 to 2.32)*	1.39 (1.29 to 1.50)*

Age, BMI, use of alcohol, smoking, CCI and osteoporosis were used as covariates.

*Statistically significant difference compared with reference (p<0.05).

BMI, body mass index; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index.