Table 2.
Latest data on the prevalence of ASD*.
| Author (15) | Country | Year of estimate | Setting | Method used to estimate prevalence | Age group | Cohort size (N) | Prevalence | M/F ratio | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDC (14) | US | 2016 | National | Case enumeration and record review | 8y | 275,419 | Total: 1.85% (CI95% 1.80–1.91%) Male: 2.97% (CI95% 2.88–3.06%) Female: 0.69% (CI95% 0.65–0.74%) | 1 in 54 children | 4.3 CI95% (4.0–4.6) |
| Christensen et al. (15) | US | 2014 | National | Case enumeration and record review | 4y | 70,887 | Total: 1.70% (CI95% 1.61–1.80%) | 1 in 59 children | NR |
| ASDEU (1) | Europe | 2015 | International | TNF, SCQ and national registries | 7–9y | 631,619 | 1.22% | 1 in 89 children | NR |
| Delobel-Ayoub et al. (16) | France (South-East) | 2015 | Regional | Regional registries | 7–9y | 32,342 | Total: 0.48% (CI95% 0.40–0.56%) | 1 in 137 children | 4.0 |
| France (South-West) | 2015 | Regional | Regional registries | 7–9y | 15,836 | Total: 0.73% (CI95% 0.60–0.87%) | 1 in 208 children | 5.4 | |
| Narzisi et al. (17) | Italy | 2016 | Regional | Disability certificate census + SCQ & TNF | 7–9y | 10,138 | Total: 0.80% (CI95% 0.62–0.97%) | 1 in 126 children | 5.2 |
| Morales-Hidalgo et al. (18) | Spain | NR | Regional | Screening + Clinical assessment | 3–5y | 2,755 | Total: 1.55% (CI95% 0.89–2.20%) Male: 2.52% (CI95% 1.34–3.71%) Female: 0.58% (CI95% 0.01–1.16%) | 1 in 65 children | 4.3 |
| Spain | NR | Regional | Screening + Clinical assessment | 10–12y | 2,827 | Total: 1.00% (CI95% 0.48–1.51%) Male: 1.72% (CI95% 0.71–2.73%) Female: 0.39% (CI95% 0.05–0.83%) | 1 in 100 children | 4.4 | |
| NHS Digital (19) | UK | 2017 | National | Parent report and direct interviews with children | 2–4y | 1,463 | Total: 1.4% (CI95% 0.70–1.80%) Male: 6.8% Female: 4.2% | 1 in 71 children | 4.4 |
| UK | 2017 | National | Parent report and direct interviews with children | 5–19y | 7,654 | Total: 1.2% (CI95% 0.90–1.40%) Male: 1.9% Female: 0.4% | 1 in 83 children | 4.8 | |
| UK | 2017 | National | Parent report and direct interviews with children | 5–10y | 3,597 | Total: 1.5% Male: 2.5% Female: 0.4% | 1 in 67 children | 6.5 | |
| UK | 2017 | National | Parent report and direct interviews with children | 11–16y | 3,121 | Total: 1.2% Male: 1.8% Female: 0.7% | 1 in 83 children | 2.7 | |
| UK | 2017 | National | Parent report and direct interviews with children | 17–19y | 936 | Total: 0.5% Male: 1.0% Female: N/A | 1 in 200 children | NR | |
| Bachmann et al. (20) | Germany | 2012 | National | Nationwide health insurance database | 0–24y | 6,400,000 | Total: 0.38% Male: 0.53% Female: 0.20% | 1 in 264 children | 2.7 |
ASDEU, Autism Spectrum Disorder in the European Union; CDC, Centers for Disease Control; CI, Confidence Interval; NHS, National Health Service; NR, Not Reported; SCQ, Social Communication Questionnaire; TNF, Teacher Nomination Form.
*
As of 2019 when the review was conducted.