Table 1. Sample Descriptive Statistics of Participants (n = 2,851) by Race, Midlife in the United States Study, 1995–2016.
| Variable | Total Sample (n = 2,851) | % Missing Data | White (n = 2,622) | Black (n = 229) | T or Χ 2 (P Value) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Range | Mean (SD) a | No. | Mean (SD) | No. | Mean (SD) | No. | |||
| Flourishing (standardized) | −12.84, 5.31 | 0.01 (2.38) | 2,851 | 0 | 0.10 (2.25) | 2,622 | 0.002 (2.39) | 229 | <0.001 |
| Demographic Covariates | |||||||||
| Age | 21–75 | 48.11 (13.08) | 2,821 | <1 | 48.24 (13.13) | 2,601 | 46.25 (12.55) | 220 | <0.001 |
| Sex (Male = 1; referent) | 0.48 | 1,371 | 0 | 0.49 | 1,284 | 0.38 | 87 | <0.01 | |
| Adulthood Achieved Characteristics | |||||||||
| Married | 0.64 | 1825 | <1 | 0.66 | 1723 | 0.48 (102) | 102 | <0.001 | |
| Education | <1 | ||||||||
| < High school | 0.09 | 264 | 0.09 | 228 | 0.17 (36) | 36 | <0.001 | ||
| High school or equivalent | 0.30 | 828 | 0.29 | 770 | 0.27 (58) | 58 | |||
| Some college education | 0.31 | 891 | 0.31 | 822 | 0.33 (69) | 69 | |||
| University degree or higher | 0.30 | 851 | 0.31 | 802 | 0.23 (49) | 49 | |||
| Household Income, quintiles, USD | 3.3 | ||||||||
| 1 (0–22,500) | 0.20 | 536 | 0.18 | 448 | 0.44 (88) | 88 | <0.001 | ||
| 2 (22,501–40,500) | 0.20 | 557 | 0.20 | 524 | 0.16 (33) | 33 | |||
| 3 (40,501–64,500) | 0.20 | 551 | 0.21 | 526 | 0.12 (25) | 25 | |||
| 4 (64,501–111,500) | 0.20 | 554 | 0.21 | 528 | 0.13 (26) | 26 | |||
| 5 (111,501–≥300,000) | 0.20 | 564 | 0.21 | 535 | 0.14 (29) | 29 | |||
| Health conditions | |||||||||
| Cancer | 0.01 | 27 | <1 | 0.05 | 26 | 0.07 | 1 | 0.46 | |
| Heart problems | 0.13 | 348 | <1 | 0.13 | 327 | 0.10 | 21 | 0.26 | |
| Lung problems | 0.15 | 430 | <1 | 0.15 | 401 | 0.14 | 29 | 0.63 | |
| Diabetes | 0.06 | 149 | <1 | 0.05 | 130 | 0.09 | 19 | 0.01 | |
| Stroke | 0.01 | 29 | <1 | 0.01 | 26 | 0.01 | 3 | 0.54 | |
| BMI | <1 | ||||||||
| Underweight | 0.02 | 60 | 0.02 | 59 | 0.01 | 10 | <0.001 | ||
| Normal weight | 0.37 | 1,052 | 0.38 | 998 | 0.25 | 44 | |||
| Overweight | 0.35 | 1,001 | 0.35 | 927 | 0.35 | 74 | |||
| Obese class I | 0.14 | 397 | 0.14 | 359 | 0.18 | 38 | |||
| Obese class II | 0.04 | 127 | 0.04 | 113 | 0.06 | 14 | |||
| Obese class III | 0.07 | 197 | 0.06 | 166 | 0.14 | 31 | |||
| Health behaviors | |||||||||
| Former smoker | 0.31 | 877 | <1 | 0.31 | 820 | 0.27 | 57 | 0.18 | |
| Current smoker | 0.23 | 646 | <1 | 0.23 | 606 | 0.19 | 40 | 0.04 | |
| Exercise frequency | 0–27 | 14.61 (8.72) | 2,842 | <1 | 15.23 (8.66) | 2,622 | 11.58 (8.47) | 220 | <0.001 |
| Sleep problems | 1.8 | 0.09 | |||||||
| Not at all | 0.47 | 1,323 | 0.47 | 1,207 | 0.56 | 116 | |||
| Once a month | 0.14 | 404 | 0.15 | 380 | 0.12 | 24 | |||
| Several times a month | 0.15 | 415 | 0.15 | 386 | 0.14 | 29 | |||
| Once a week | 0.05 | 151 | 0.06 | 146 | 0.02 | 5 | |||
| Several times a week | 0.11 | 316 | 0.11 | 297 | 0.09 | 19 | |||
| Almost every day | 0.07 | 192 | 0.07 | 178 | 0.07 | 14 | |||
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation.
a Values are expressed as standard deviations.