Table 1.
Patient Characteristics, Symptom Burden at Radiological Diagnosis, Diagnostic Radiological Assessment, and Other Preoperative Work-up
| Total | Norway | Sweden | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients, total (cases per center) | 642 (19-110) | 254 (19-80) | 388 (36-110) |
| Age at surgery in years, overall median (lowest and highest median age across centers) | 43 (36-51) | 42 (36-46) | 44 (41-51) |
| Total, N (%, range %)a | Norway, n (%, range %)a | Sweden, n (%, range %)a | |
| Female | 264 (41, 35-60) | 100 (39, 35-60) | 164 (42, 36-48) |
| Symptoms at (radiological) diagnosis | |||
| Seizure | 382 (60, 44-76) | 137 (54, 44-67) | 245 (63, 46-76) |
| Cognitive deficit | 86 (13, 0-25) | 38 (15, 0-25) | 48 (12, 8-16) |
| Motor deficit | 91 (14, 0-22) | 34 (13, 0-22) | 57 (15, 8-22) |
| Language deficit | 61 (10, 0-15) | 25 (10, 0-15) | 36 (9, 4-14) |
| Visual deficit | 47 (7, 0-21) | 18 (7, 0-21) | 29 (7, 4-14) |
| Headache/ICP-related symptoms | 152 (24, 15-38) | 78 (31, 21-38) | 74 (19, 15-25) |
| Asymptomatic/incidental | 71 (11, 4-23) | 33 (13, 7-23) | 38 (10, 4-15) |
| Preoperative KPS scoreb | |||
| 80-100 | 555 (86, 64-100) | 210 (83, 64-100) | 345 (89, 72-96) |
| 70 | 64 (10, 0-32) | 35 (14, 0-32) | 29 (7, 0-19) |
| <70 | 23 (4, 0-8) | 9 (4, 0-4) | 14 (4, 0-8) |
| Clinical deterioration preoperatively | 36 (6, 0-15) | 22 (9, 0-15) | 14 (4, 1-6) |
| Diagnostic radiological work-up | |||
| Structural MRI | |||
| Contrast enhancement | 203 (32, 20-39) | 78 (31, 20-36) | 125 (32, 25-39) |
| Multifocal | 64 (10, 0-19) | 34 (13, 0-19) | 30 (8, 2-14) |
| Eloquence | 378 (59, 41-72) | 127 (50, 41-63) | 251 (65, 54-72) |
| Missing | 2 (0, 0-3) | 0 (0) | 2 (1, 0-3) |
| Largest tumor diameter prior to surgery in millimeters, overall median (lowest and highest median) | 45, 40-60 | 40, 40-45 | 45, 40-60 |
| Demonstrated tumor growth prior to surgery | 107 (17, 0-22) | 43 (17, 0-20) | 64 (16, 9-22) |
| MR spectroscopy | 244 (38, 8-98) | 181 (71, 37-98) | 63 (16, 8-29) |
| Positron emission tomography (PET) | 37 (6, 0-38) | 6 (2, 0-4) | 31 (8, 0-38) |
| Preoperative functional brain mappingc | |||
| Functional MRI (fMRI) | 132 (35, 7-67) | 56 (44, 20-67) | 76 (30, 7-65) |
| Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) | 201 (53, 3-94) | 80 (63, 18-94) | 121 (48, 3-86) |
| Transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) | 79 (21, 0-55) | 5 (4, 0-28) | 74 (29, 0-55) |
| Other preoperative work-up | |||
| Neuropsychological assessment | 64 (10, 0-42) | 13 (5, 0-19) | 51 (13, 0-42) |
| If yes: Neuropsychological impairment | 28 (44, 0-100) | 2 (15, 0-100) | 26 (51, 33-56) |
| Missing | 4 (6, 0-100) | 3 (23, 0-100) | 1 (2, 0-100) |
Abbreviations: ICP, intracranial pressure; KPS, Karnofsky performance status; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.
aTotal number N (%, with range between centers in %).
bKarnofsky and Burchenal.16
cWithin surgical cases located in presumed eloquent brain regions as evaluated from structural MRI.