Table 7.
Applications of host-specific microbial source tracking (MST) markers of fecal contamination in low-resource settings.
| Approaches applied | Microorganisms attributed | Primary sources identified | Countries | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reservoirs, indicated by MST markers | Vehicles | ||||
| Microbial source tracking (MST) | Commensal Bacteroides spp. | Humans | Pond water for bathing, fishing, hygiene use (public domain) | Bangladesh | (236) |
| Humans | Sanitary wastewater in slums (public domain, comparing* with stored drinking water) | (237) | |||
| Ruminant livestock | Produce in markets (public domain) | (238) | |||
| Animal (Pets & livestock) | Hands of mothers (household domain) | (239) | |||
| Animal (Pets & livestock), humans | Hands of mothers and children (household domain, comparing* with stored drinking water) | India | (240) | ||
| Humans | Stored drinking water and humans' hands (household domain, comparing* with tube wells and ponds) | (241) | |||
| Humans | Visibly wet soil at the entrances to a public latrine (public domain, comparing* with dry soil) | Mozambique | (242) | ||
| Humans, poultry, dogs | Floors (household domain, comparing* with tables for contaminations from human, poultry, and dog feces) Wood table surfaces (household domain, comparing* with non-wood surfaces for contaminations from poultry and dog feces) |
Peru | (243) | ||
*
The comparison was made at the 95% confidence level.