TABLE A1.

Country datasets

Country	Datasets
Australia	Sax Institute's 45 and Up study.
Canada	Administrative claims data of the province of Ontario from the Ontario Ministry of Health and the Canadian Institute for Health Information through the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences.
England	Primary care data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to secondary care data from Hospital Episode Statistics and Office for National Statistics death register.
France	Système National des Données de Santé/National Health Data System. ResidEhpad (long‐term care in residential facilities).
Germany	Administrative data of a large, nationally active health insurance with more than 8 m enrollees (BARMER) (includes utilization/costs of all sectors that are paid by health insurance).
The Netherlands	Zilveren Kruis insurance data (nationwide), which has about 30% of market share in the country.
New Zealand	The Integrated Data Infrastructure. The National Minimum Dataset (hospital admissions data). The pharmaceutical collection (medication dispensing data). The National Non‐Admitted Patient Collection (outpatient data).
Spain	Base de datos de usuario (National Health Service users dataset including insurees admin data). OMI‐AP (primary care electronic health records). Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos (administrative data for hospital discharges and outpatient contacts). Sistema de Información Hospitalaria (outpatient visits to specialized care). Receta Electrónica (e‐Prescription files). Facturación Recetas (billing files of over‐the‐counter prescriptions). Puesto Clínico Hospitalario de Urgencias (emergency care contacts).
Sweden	The national patient registry (inpatient and outpatient specialized care). The national prescription drug registry (outpatient pharmaceuticals). The national mortality registry. The national registry for interventions in municipal health care (enrollment in home medical care). The national registry of measures for the elderly and people with disabilities (long‐term care). Regional administrative registers of primary care consumption for the regions of Stockholm, Jönköping, Norrbotten, Skåne, and Västra Götaland.
Switzerland	Medical statistics dataset of the Federal Statistical Office (FSO), including hospital admissions records. Patient data from hospital‐based outpatient care dataset of the FSO. Short‐ and long‐term care facility records dataset of the FSO.
United States	Medicare fee‐for‐service data, 20% sample of all patients aged 65 years or older.