Table 1. Characteristics of Participants by the Presence or Absence of Parental Migration.
| Characteristica | Participants, No. (%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parental migration | Total (N = 15 312) | Nonsuicidal self-injury | Suicidal ideation (n = 2335) | Suicide attempt (n = 535) | |||
| No (n = 9349) | Yes (n = 5963) | Less frequent (n = 2635)b | More frequent (n = 1783)c | ||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 15.1 (1.8) | 15.2 (1.9) | 15.1 (1.8) | 15.1 (1.9) | 15.0 (1.8) | 14.9 (1.7) | 14.8 (1.6) |
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 4795 (51.3) | 3109 (52.1) | 7904 (51.6) | 1359 (51.6) | 881 (49.4) | 1288 (52.6) | 277 (51.8) |
| Female | 4554 (48.7) | 2854 (47.9) | 7408 (48.4) | 1276 (48.4) | 902 (50.6) | 1107 (47.4) | 258 (48.2) |
| Province | |||||||
| Heilongjiang | 2046 (21.9) | 7.5 (11.8) | 2751 (18.0) | 342 (13.0) | 161 (9.0) | 304 (13.0) | 61 (11.4) |
| Anhui | 1459 (15.6) | 1843 (30.9) | 3302 (21.6) | 655 (24.9) | 395 (22.2) | 496 (21.2) | 116 (21.7) |
| Hubei | 1291 (13.8) | 1650 (27.7) | 2941 (19.2) | 546 (20.7) | 341 (19.1) | 487 (20.9) | 112 (20.9) |
| Guangdong | 1880 (20.1) | 1107 (18.6) | 2978 (19.5) | 592 (22.5) | 368 (20.6) | 480 (20.6) | 88 (16.4) |
| Yunnan | 2673 (28.6) | 658 (11.0) | 3331 (21.8) | 500 (19.0) | 518 (29.1) | 568 (24.3) | 158 (29.5) |
| Educational level | |||||||
| Junior high school | 5216 (55.8) | 2945 (49.4) | 8161 (53.3) | 1388 (52.7) | 999 (56.0) | 1349 (57.8) | 345 (64.5) |
| Senior high school | 4133 (44.2) | 3018 (50.6) | 7151 (46.7) | 1247 (47.3) | 784 (44.0) | 986 (42.2) | 190 (35.5) |
| Ethnicity | |||||||
| Han | 8171 (87.4) | 5689 (95.4) | 13860 (90.5) | 2428 (92.1) | 1524 (85.5) | 2066 (88.5) | 447 (83.6) |
| Otherd | 1178 (12.6) | 274 (4.6) | 1452 (9.5) | 207 (7.9) | 259 (14.5) | 269 (11.5) | 88 (16.4) |
| Educational level of main caregiver | |||||||
| College or above | 884 (9.5) | 168 (2.8) | 1052 (6.9) | 158 (6.0) | 147 (8.2) | 192 (8.2) | 63 (11.8) |
| Senior middle school or technical school | 2266 (24.2) | 1013 (17.0) | 3279 (21.4) | 576 (21.9) | 409 (22.9) | 515 (22.1) | 104 (19.4) |
| Junior middle school or below | 6033 (64.5) | 4717 (79.1) | 10 750 (70.2) | 1873 (71.1) | 1205 (67.6) | 1599 (68.5) | 363 (67.9) |
| Single-child family | 3707 (39.7) | 1583 (26.5) | 5290 (34.5) | 843 (32.0) | 563 (31.6) | 813 (34.8) | 179 (33.5) |
| Single-parent family | 407 (4.4) | 347 (5.8) | 754 (4.9) | 117 (4.4) | 114 (6.4) | 141 (6.0) | 29 (5.4) |
| Family income, $/mo | |||||||
| <150 | 1620 (17.3) | 1029 (17.3) | 2649 (17.3) | 448 (17.0) | 338 (19.0) | 413 (17.7) | 108 (20.2) |
| 150-850 | 6465 (69.2) | 4163 (69.8) | 10628 (69.4) | 1854 (70.4) | 1193 (66.9) | 1563 (66.9) | 332 (62.1) |
| >850 | 1264 (13.5) | 771 (12.9) | 2035 (13.3) | 333 (12.6) | 252 (14.1) | 359 (15.4) | 95 (17.8) |
| Parenting stylee | |||||||
| Strict | 2873 (30.7) | 1769 (29.7) | 4642 (30.3) | 766 (29.1) | 545 (30.6) | 655 (28.1) | 163 (30.5) |
| Pamper | 295 (3.2) | 253 (4.2) | 548 (3.6) | 103 (3.9) | 73 (4.1) | 91 (3.9) | 15 (2.8) |
| Neglect or frequently changing | 937 (10.0) | 710 (11.9) | 1647 (10.8) | 353 (13.4) | 280 (15.7) | 432 (18.5) | 122 (22.8) |
| Open-minded | 4861 (52.0) | 2996 (50.2) | 7857 (51.3) | 1316 (49.9) | 824 (46.2) | 1059 (45.5) | 212 (39.6) |
| Missing data | 383 (4.1) | 235 (3.9) | 618 (4.0) | 97 (3.7) | 61 (3.4) | 98 (4.2) | 23 (4.3) |
| Loneliness score, mean (SD) | 49.3 (10.1) | 50.8 (10.4) | 49.9 (10.2) | 51.6 (10.1) | 54.6 (11.0) | 55.2 (11.4) | 56.5 (12.9) |
| Psychological resilience score, mean (SD) | 92.7 (13.1) | 91.1 (12.9) | 92.1 (13.1) | 90.3 (12.3) | 87.7 (12.4) | 86.0 (12.3) | 84.5 (12.3) |
| Emotional management ability score, mean (SD) | 11.6 (2.8) | 11.4 (2.9) | 11.5 (2.8) | 10.9 (2.6) | 10.2 (3.0) | 10.1 (3.0) | 9.9 (3.3) |
| Social support score, mean (SD) | 63.8 (14.2) | 62.1 (14.3) | 63.1 (14.3) | 60.9 (13.9) | 57.5 (14.6) | 56.3 (14.9) | 55.3 (16.1) |
a
The distributions of parental migration with respect to this characteristic were all statistically significant (P < .05), except for family income.
b
Includes 1 to 4 episodes.
c
Includes 5 or more episodes.
d
Includes all ethnicities except Han.
e
Missing data.