Table 3. Odds of NSSI, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicide Attempt by Parental Migration Type.
| Variable | Participants, No. (%) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 3c | ||
| Less frequent NSSI | |||||
| Migration | |||||
| None | 1483 (15.9) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Father | 711 (19.9) | 1.33 (1.20-1.47) | 1.22 (1.10-1.36) | 1.20 (1.08-1.34) | 1.18 (1.06-1.31) |
| Mother | 71 (14.8) | 0.93 (0.72-1.21) | 0.86 (0.66-1.12) | 0.84 (0.64-1.09) | 0.84 (0.64-1.10) |
| Both parents | 370 (19.4) | 1.29 (1.14-1.47) | 1.20 (1.05-1.37) | 1.13 (1.01-1.28) | 1.12 (1.01-1.28) |
| More frequent NSSI | |||||
| Migration | |||||
| None | 1081 (11.6) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Father | 416 (11.6) | 1.07 (0.94-1.21) | 1.08 (0.95-1.23) | 1.05 (0.92-1.20) | 1.01 (0.88-1.15) |
| Mother | 59 (12.3) | 1.06 (0.80-1.40) | 1.06 (0.79-1.41) | 1.01 (0.76-1.36) | 1.00 (0.74-1.34) |
| Both parents | 227 (11.9) | 1.08 (0.93-1.27) | 1.13 (0.96-1.32) | 1.04 (0.93-1.18) | 1.02 (0.85-1.19) |
| Suicidal ideation | |||||
| Migration | |||||
| None | 1410 (15.1) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Father | 555 (15.5) | 1.04 (0.93-1.15) | 1.03 (0.92-1.15) | 1.01 (0.90-1.14) | 0.97 (0.86-1.09) |
| Mother | 64 (13.3) | 0.87 (0.66-1.34) | 0.87 (0.66-1.14) | 0.84 (0.63-1.11) | 0.82 (0.61-1.09) |
| Both parents | 306 (16.0) | 1.08 (0.94-1.23) | 1.10 (0.96-1.26) | 1.02 (0.88-1.17) | 1.00 (0.84-1.13) |
| Suicide attempt | |||||
| Migration | |||||
| None | 316 (3.4) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Father | 126 (3.5) | 1.04 (0.85-1.29) | 1.07 (0.86-1.34) | 1.05 (0.84-1.32) | 1.00 (0.79-1.25) |
| Mother | 22 (4.6) | 1.37 (0.88-2.14) | 1.46 (0.93-2.27) | 1.52 (0.97-2.38) | 1.53 (0.97-2.42) |
| Both parents | 71 (3.7) | 1.11 (0.85-1.44) | 1.23 (0.94-1.61) | 1.13 (0.86-1.49) | 1.09 (0.82-1.44) |
Abbreviation: NSSI, nonsuicidal self-injury.
a
Adjusted for participant province, age, ethnicity, and sex.
b
Additionally adjusted for single-child family, single-parent family, educational level of main caregiver, family income, parenting style, and social support.
c
Additionally adjusted for offspring loneliness, psychological resilience, and emotional management ability scores.