Figure 4.

Characteristics of bone remodeling process in the subchondral bone at the injury site in the mouse model. Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining of the subchondral bone region at the injury site (A) and quantification of TRAP+ cells per mm² tissue area (N. TRAP+ cells/ Ar) (E). Double immunofluorescence staining of CD31 (green) and Emcn (red) in subchondral bone sections were shown (B). Relative yellow fluorescence intensity showing double positive cells was measured (F). Immunofluorescence staining of osterix (Osx, red) (C) and quantification of Osx+ cells per mm² tissue area (N. Osx+ cells/ Ar) (G). Immunofluorescence staining of osteocalcin (Ocn, green) (D) and quantification of Ocn + cells per mm² tissue area (N. Ocn+ cells/ Ar) (H). DAPI stains nuclei blue. Data are represented as mean ± s.e.m. (*p< 0.05).