Table 2.

Head-to-head comparison of the efficacy of immunomodulators

Data are presented as the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval. Drugs are reported in order of type of immunomodulator as follows: interleukin antagonist, corticosteroid, and Janus kinase inhibitor. Comparisons between treatments should be read from left to right, and the estimated RR presents the comparison between the column-defining treatment and the row-defining treatment. For mortality rates, RRs smaller than 1 favor the row-defining treatment. For the incidence of mechanical ventilation, RRs smaller than 1 favor the column-defining treatment. To compare in the opposite direction, reciprocals should be taken

*Statistical significance is indicated by bold and underscore

ANA anakinra, SAR sarilumab, TOC tocilizumab, DEX dexamethasone, HYD hydrocortisone, MET methylprednisolone, BAR baricitinib, RUX ruxolitinib, TOF tofacitinib, SOC standard of care, NA not available