Table 2.
Disability of Arm, Shoulder, Hand (DASH) scores by treatment group
| Time point, analysis | Usual care) | Exercise | Between group difference (95% CI)* | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Mean (SD) | No | Mean (SD) | Unadjusted | P value | Adjusted | P value | |||
| 6 months, ITT | 125 | 20.8 (20.1) | 134 | 18.0 (17.1) | 2.76 (−1.79 to 7.31) | 0.23 | 4.60 (0.30 to 8.90) | 0.04 | ||
| 12 months, ITT (primary outcome) | 138 | 23.7 (22.9) | 132 | 16.3 (17.6) | 7.34 (2.44 to 12.23) | <0.01 | 7.81 (3.17 to 12.44) | 0.001 | ||
| 12 months, CACE | - | - | 8.35 (2.85 to 13.84) | 0.003 | 8.74 (3.77 to 13.71) | <0.001 | ||||
| Baseline to 6 months | 118 | −5.3 (19.4) | 121 | 0.7 (17.8) | 5.96 (1.23 to 10.70) | 0.01 | 4.60 (0.31. 8.90) | 0.04 | ||
| Baseline to 12 months | 130 | −5.3 (19.7) | 117 | 2.6 (19.7) | 7.98 (3.03 to 12.92) | <0.01 | 7.81 (3.17 to 12.44) | 0.001 | ||
Scores adjusted for age, baseline DASH, breast surgery, axillary surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Mean differences in upper limb function favour exercise intervention.
CACE=complier average causal effect; ITT=intention to treat.
*
Absolute mean difference between treatment groups.