Table 3.

Secondary outcomes of pain, arm symptoms, and lymphoedema by treatment group. Values are numbers (percentages) unless stated otherwise

Outcome	Usual care	Exercise	Estimate	P value
Mean (SD) pain intensity, NRS*:			Adjusted mean difference (95% CI)
Pain at rest, 6 weeks	2.2 (2.5); (n=150)	1.6 (1.9) (n=153)	−0.58 (−1.09 to −0.07)	0.03
Pain on movement, 6 weeks	2.6 (2.6); (n=150)	2.1 (2.1) (n=153)	0.55 (−1.10 to −0.01)	0.04
Pain, 6 months	2.2 (2.3) (n=153)	2.0 (2.1) (n=148)	−0.17 (−0.70 to 0.35)	0.52
Pain, 12 months	2.6 (2.4) (n=139)	1.9 (2.0) (n=135)	−0.68 (−1.23 to −0.12)	0.02
			Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)
Moderate to severe, 6 weeks	46/150 (31)	28/153 (18)	1.90 (1.02 to 3.52)	0.04
Moderate to severe, 6 months	30/133 (23)	25/145 (17)	1.42 (0.72 to 2.84)	0.31
Moderate to severe, 12 months	43/139 (31)	22/135 (16)	2.41 (1.24 to 4.70)	0.01
Neuropathic pain, DN4 positive:			Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)
6 weeks	21/150 (14)	24/153 (16)	0.73 (0.22 to 2.45)	0.61
6 months	29/133 (22)	26/145 (18)	1.64 (0.63 to 4.23)	0.31
12 months	32/139 (23)	22/135 (16)	1.29 (0.45 to 3.69)	0.64
Mean (SD) arm symptoms, FACT-B+4:			Adjusted mean difference (95% CI)
6 weeks	4.5 (4.4)	4.1 (3.8)	−0.48 (−1.40 to 0.43)	0.30
6 months	4.7 (4.4)	3.4 (3.4)	−1.11 (−2.01 to −0.21)	0.02
12 months	5.4 (5.2)	3.4 (4.0)	−2.02 (−3.11 to −0.93)	<0.001
Lymphoedema, LBCQ:			Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)
6 weeks	20/150 (13)	22/153 (14)	1.07 (0.52 to 2.24)	0.85
6 months	32/133 (24)	29/145 (20)	0.82 (0.43 to 1.56)	0.55
12 months	36/139 (26)	33/135 (24)	1.17 (0.62 to 2.23)	0.62

DN4=Douleur Neuropathique-4 (positive neuropathic pain=score >3); FACT-B+4=Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast+4 arm symptom scale; LBCQ=Lymphoedema and Breast Cancer Questionnaire (positive symptoms=arm both heavy and swollen).

^*Numerical rating scale: acute and chronic postoperative pain. Moderate to severe pain=4-10.