Figure 2.

The link between lipid metabolism and S-palmitoylation. Glucose transporter (GLUT4) transports glucose into cell while CD36 mediates the uptake and endocytosis of exogenous free fatty acids (FFAs). Acetyl-CoA is generated from citrate by ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY); and then, Acetyl-CoA is carboxylated to malonyl-CoA by Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is the key rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of palmitate from Acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA (the byproducts of glucose metabolism and Krebs cycle). Long-chain Acyl-CoA syntheses (ACSL) catalyzes FAs into Acyl-CoAs, e.g. Palmitoyl-CoA, which is the substrate for palmitoylation.