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. 2021 Oct 11;17(15):4176–4191. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.67379

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Cul3 deficiency induces inflammation in the liver. (A) Representative immunohistochemistry of immune cells in livers. CD45 indicates lymphocytes; CD3 indicates T cells; F4/80 indicates macrophages. (B) qRT-PCR shows mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokine genes. (C) Western blot and (D) qRT-PCR results reveal the activated Stat1 pathway. (E) Representative immunostaining of Cxcl9 and AE1 in foci of the liver at 4 weeks after injection with sgControl or sgCul3, and the Cxcl9-positive cells are quantified in (F). Arrow indicates Cxcl9 signal. *P<.05, **P<.01, ***P<.001, ****P<.0001.