TABLE 6.
Psychopathology in Individuals With Delayed Puberty
| Study (Reference) | Year | Location/Name | N | Age at Evaluation, Years ± SD or Range | Outcome Variable | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Joinson et al76 | 2013 | United Kingdom | 3648 women | 14–16.5 | Depressive symptoms | OR up to 1.52, 95% CI: 1.12 to 2.05 for age at menarche 11.5 to 13.5 y vs ≥13.5 y, P = .007 |
| 18–19 | No difference in OR for age at menarche 11.5 to 13.5 y vs ≥13.5 (OR 1.07–1.18, all Ps >.05) | |||||
| Boden et al77 | 2011 | New Zealand | 497 women | 15–18 | Major depression | No difference in % outcome for age at menarche 14–15 y vs 12–13 y (32.5% vs 30.9%, P > .50) |
| Herva et al78 | 2004 | Northern Finland | 3952 women | 31 | Depression | OR 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1 to 1.6 for age at menarche ≥16 y vs 12–15 y |
| Galvao et al79 | 2014 | Meta-analysis: New Zealand and Northern Finland | 4449 women | 15–31 | Major depression/ depression | No significant risk of depression for age at menarche ≥14 y vs <14 y (RR 1.28, 95% CI: 0.87 to 1.88) |
| Opoliner et al80 | 2014 | United States/ Growing Up Today Study | 9039 women | 20–26 | Depressive symptoms | No difference in OR for age at menarche >14.3 y vs 12–14.3 y (OR 0.91, 95% CI: 0.70 to 1.18) |
| Day et al81 | 2015 | United Kingdom/UK Biobank Study | 250 037 women | 40–69 | Depression | No difference in OR for age at menarche 15–19 y vs 12–14 y (OR 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.13, P > 7.48 × 10–5) |
| Conley and Rudolph82 | 2009 | United States | 82 men | 13.4 | Depression | Later perceived pubertal timing was associated higher levels of depression (β = −0.31, P < .05) |
| Graber et al83 | 2004 | United States | 392 men | 24.2 | Disruptive behavior disorder | OR 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1 to 4.5 for perceived late pubertal timing vs on time |
| Substance use | OR 2.5, 95% CI: 1.1 to 5.9 for perceived late pubertal timing vs on time | |||||
| Day et al81 | 2015 | United Kingdom/UK Biobank Study | 197 714 men | 40–69 | Anxiety/panic attacks | OR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.22 to 1.67 for perceived late voice breaking vs on time, P < 7.48 × 10–5 |
| Depression | OR 1.36, 95% CI: 1.25 to 1.49 for perceived late voice breaking vs on time, P < 7.48 × 10–5 |
CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; RR, relative risk.