TABLE 2.
Articles in review.
| Program and author | Participants | Control group | Significant effects and size (S = small, M = medium, L = large, ? = not provided) |
| Interventions that target maternal mental health | |||
| Mindful Motherhood | |||
| Vieten and Astin, 2008 | 31 mothers, targeted | Waitlist control | Anxiety (L), negative affect (L) |
| ROSE Program | |||
| Zlotnick et al., 2001 | 37 mothers, targeted | Treatment as usual | Depressive symptoms (?), risk of developing PND (?) |
| Zlotnick et al., 2006 | 99 mothers, targeted | Standard antenatal care | Risk of developing PND (?) |
| Johnson et al., 2018 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Interventions that target maternal mental health and parenting skills | |||
| Toward Parenthood | |||
| Milgrom et al., 2011 | 143 mothers, universal | Routine care | Depression (M), anxiety (M), stress (M), parenting dysfunction (M) |
| PREPP | |||
| Werner et al., 2016 | 54 mothers, targeted | Enhanced treatment as usual | Depressive symptoms (L), anxiety symptoms (M) |
| Mothers and Babies | |||
| Munoz et al., 2007 | 41 mothers, targeted | Usual medical care | No significant effects |
| Tandon et al., 2011 | 61 mothers, targeted | Standard visits plus information | Depressive symptoms (S) |
| Le et al., 2011 | 217 mothers, targeted | Usual care | No significant effects |
| Mendelson et al., 2013 | 78 mothers, targeted | Standard visits plus information | Mood regulation (?) |
| Tandon et al., 2014 | 78 mothers, targeted | Home visiting as usual | Depressive symptoms (L) |
| Leis et al., 2015 | 15 mothers, targeted | No control group | Depressive symptoms (L), mood regulation (L |
| McFarlane et al., 2017 | 95 mothers, targeted | Home visiting as usual | Depressive symptoms (S, stress (S) |
| Tandon et al., 2018 | 120 mothers, universal | Home visiting as usual | Depression (M), anxiety (S) |
| CAPEDP | |||
| Saias et al., 2013 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Dugravier et al., 2013 | 440 mothers, targeted | Usual care | Depression for low-risk mothers (?) |
| Antenatal group program | |||
| Thomas et al., 2014 | 48 mothers, targeted | No control group | Depression (L), anxiety (L), maternal attachment (M) |
| Interventions that target fathers | |||
| Boot Camp for New Dads | |||
| Capuozzo et al., 2010 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Miller, 2012 | 2301 fathers, universal | No control group | Parenting confidence (?) |
| Interventions that target the couple relationship | |||
| Couple CARE for Parents | |||
| Halford et al., 2010 | 71 couples, universal | Maternal parenting program | Couple conflict (L), invalidation (L), negative affect (L), women’s relationship adjustment (M), self-regulation (L) |
| Petch et al., 2012 | 250 couples, targeted | Maternal parenting program | Conflict for women (M), invalidation for women (L) |
| Heyman et al., 2019 | 368 couples, targeted | Waitlist control | No significant effects |
| Interventions that target the mother-infant relationship | |||
| AMPLE | |||
| Nicolson et al., 2013 | 97 mothers, targeted | Usual care | Maternal non-intrusiveness (L), maternal non-hostility (M) |
| Mom Power | |||
| Muzik et al., 2015 | 99 mothers, targeted | No control group | Depressive symptoms (?), PTSD symptoms (?), caregiving helplessness (?), parenting reflectivity (?) |
| Muzik et al., 2016 | 49 mothers, targeted | No control group | Depressive symptoms (?), PTSD symptoms (?) |
| Rosenblum et al., 2017 | 122 mothers, targeted | Mailout information | PTSD symptoms (S), parenting stress (S), depressive symptoms [iatrogenic] (S), depressive symptoms in women with IPV history (M), PTSD symptoms in women with IPV history (M) |
| Rosenblum et al., 2018 | 75 mothers, targeted | Mailout information | Reflective parenting (S) |
| Playing and Learning Strategies | |||
| Landry et al., 2006 | 242 mothers, targeted | Developmental assessment sessions | Contingent responsiveness (L), support of infant foci of attention (M), verbal scaffolding (L), object labeling (L), smiling and laughing [iatrogenic] (M) |
| Landry et al., 2008 | 166 mothers, targeted | Developmental assessment sessions | Verbal encouragement (S), child cooperation (S), social engagement (S), contingent responsiveness (M), negative behavior (S) |
| Attachment skills program | |||
| Akbarzadeh et al., 2016 | 190 mothers, universal | Routine care | Anxiety (?), infant crying (?) |
| HUGS | |||
| Milgrom et al., 2006 | 22 mothers, targeted | No control group | Parenting stress (?) |
| Milgrom and Holt, 2014 | 100 mothers, targeted | Attention placebo | N/A |
| Holt et al., 2021 | 77 mothers, targeted | Attention placebo | Affection involvement and verbalisation (L), bonding (M) |
| Parental Reflective Functioning based interventions | |||
| Families First | |||
| Kalland et al., 2016 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| PEEP Reflective Parenting Program | |||
| Maskell-Graham, 2014 | 10 mothers, targeted | No control group | Reflective functioning (?), mother-baby interaction (?) |
| Lighthouse Parenting Program | |||
| Byrne et al., 2018 | 16 parents, targeted | No control group | Parental self-efficacy (L) |
| Circle of Security | |||
| Hoffman et al., 2006 | 65 mother-infant dyads, universal | No control group | Attachment style (?) |
| Cassidy et al., 2010 | 20 mother-infant dyads, targeted | No control group | Depressive symptoms (L) |
| Cassidy et al., 2011 | 220 mother-infant dyads, targeted | Psychoeducation sessions | Attachment style among highly irritable infants (?) |
| Kohlhoff et al., 2016 | 15 mother-infant dyads, universal | No control group | Reflective functioning (M), caregiving helplessness (L), maternal rejection and anger (M), maternal stress (M) |
| Yaholkoski et al., 2016 | 10 studies, universal and targeted | Meta-analysis, various control groups | Child attachment security (M), caregiving quality (M) |
| Rose et al., 2018 | 9 parents, universal | No control group | Self-efficacy (M) |
| Mothander et al., 2018 | 52 parent-infant dyads, targeted | Treatment as usual | Caregiver perceptions (?), emotionally available interactions (?) |
| Minding the Baby | |||
| Slade et al., 2005b | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Sadler et al., 2013 | 105 mothers, targeted | Routine care | Infant attachment (?) |
| Slade et al., 2020 | 164 mothers, targeted | Treatment as usual | Maternal reflective functioning (?), infant attachment (?) |
| Interventions targeting child wellbeing | |||
| Families in Mind | |||
| Bayer et al., 2010a | 733 families, universal | Usual primary care | Maternal unreasonable expectations (?) |
| Hiscock et al., 2012 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Tuning in to Toddlers | |||
| Lauw et al., 2014 | 34 mother-toddler dyads, universal | No control group | Emotion coaching beliefs (M), emotion coaching behaviors (L), observed emotion coaching (L), emotion labels (L), emotion exploration (L), emotion-dismissing beliefs (L), emotion-dismissing behaviors (L), observed emotion dismissing (M), toddler behavior problems (S) |
| Havighurst et al., 2019 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Relationships for Growth and Learning | |||
| Bekar et al., 2017 | 47 children, targeted | No control group | Social competence (?), behavioral problems (?) |
| Early Head Start | |||
| Administration for Children, Youth and Families, 2001 | 3000 families, targeted | Access to other services | Cognitive and language development (?), problem behaviors (?), parent support (?), family support (?), parenting stress (?) |
| Raikes and Love, 2002 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Love et al., 2005 | 3001 families, targeted | Access to other services | Cognitive and language functioning (S), aggressive behaviors (S), emotional engagement (S), sustained attention (S), parent-child interactions (S) |
| Responsive Early Childhood Curriculum | |||
| Landry et al., 2014 | 542 children, targeted | Business as usual | Expressive emotion understanding (M), receptive emotion understanding (S), situational emotions task (M), social competence (M), anger and aggression (M) |
| Interventions targeting parent mental health, the couple relationship and child wellbeing | |||
| Family Foundations | |||
| Feinberg and Kan, 2008 | 169 couples, universal | No-treatment control | Coparental support (M), parenting-based closeness (M), maternal depression (M), maternal anxiety (M), parent-child dysfunctional interaction (L), infant duration of orienting (S) |
| Feinberg et al., 2014 | 169 couples, universal | Sent information in post | Child internalizing problems (M), internalizing problems for boys (L) |
| Jones et al., 2018a | 399 couples, universal | Sent information in post | Triadic relationship quality (M), negative coparenting (M), negative parenting (M), child internalizing problems (S), child night wakings (S) |
| Baby Triple P | |||
| Tsivos et al., 2015 | 27 mothers, targeted | Treatment as usual | No significant effects |
| Popp et al., 2019 | 49 couples, universal | Care as usual | Infants awake and content (L), inconsolable crying (L) |
| What Were We Thinking | |||
| Fisher et al., 2010 | 399 couples, universal | Usual primary health care | Risk of depression, anxiety or adjustment disorder for mothers with a psychiatric history (?) |
| Fisher et al., 2016 | 400 couples, universal | Usual care | Self-rated health (?) |