Table 1.
The clinical, pathological and surgical features of patients in the MIE group
| 1st stage | 2nd stage | 3rd stage | 4th stage | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | 20 | 37 | 50 | 107 | |
| Proportion of males (%) | 95 | 89 | 88 | 81 | 0.340 |
| Age mean (SD) | 58.2(10.6) | 63.1(10.8) | 60.9(8.9) | 64.7(10.4) | 0.351 |
| Proportion of smoking (%) | 83 | 87 | 80 | 80 | 0.637 |
| Neoadjuvant therapy (%) | 15 | 16.2 | 22 | 13 | 0.479 |
| Histology type | |||||
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 20 | 37 | 49 | 106 | |
| Adenocarcinoma | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Small Cell Carcinoma | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.543 |
| Differentiation grade | |||||
| Middle or high differentiated | 16 | 16 | 17 | 42 | |
| Poorly differentiated | 4 | 21 | 33 | 65 | 0.004 |
| Pathological stage | |||||
| I | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | |
| II | 13 | 23 | 28 | 52 | |
| III | 7 | 14 | 22 | 49 | 0.103 |
| Negative margin | 100% | 100% | 100% | 98.13% | |
| Cases | 20 | 37 | 50 | 107 | |
| Bleeding volume (ml) | 265.5 ± 107.2 | 199.4 ± 102.8 | 189.1 ± 90.7 | 185.9 ± 86.1 | 0.0092 |
| Operation time (mins) | 420.2 ± 64.3 | 263.5 ± 47.6 | 244.9 ± 60.2 | 248.1 ± 51.2 | 0.0000 |
| Complication rate (%) | 50.0 | 29.7 | 26.1 | 23.5 | 0.105 |
| Cervical anastomotic fistula (%) | 16.7(3/18) | 14.8(4/27) | 8.7(3/34) | 9.8(6/61) | 0.759 |
| Chest anastomotic fistula (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.3(2/46) | 0.632 |
| laryngeal nerve injury (%) | 5 | 5.4 | 4 | 3.7 | 0.813 |
| Mortality within 3 months (%) | 10.0 | 5.4 | 0 | 0 | 0.0024 |
| Lymph node dissection | 12.65 ± 4.13 | 15.91 ± 3.36 | 20.16 ± 7.71 | 22.67 ± 7.39 | 0.0000 |
| Node dissection ≥ 12 | 14 | 36 | 50 | 101 | 0.0000 |
| Node dissection ≥ 18 | 1 | 12 | 29 | 71 | 0.0000 |
| Location | |||||
| Upper or mid to upper | 1 | 8 | 9 | 15 | |
| Mid or lower to mid | 18 | 23 | 30 | 65 | |
| Lower | 1 | 6 | 11 | 27 | 0.367 |
| Procedure | |||||
| Ivor-Lewis | 2 | 10 | 16 | 46 | |
| McKeown | 18 | 27 | 34 | 61 | 0.021 |