Table 2.
Characteristics of the MIE and open groups
| MIE group | Open group | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | 157 | 170 | |
| Proportion of males (%) | 83 | 82 | 0.794 |
| Age mean (SD) | 63.4 (9.2) | 62.0 (7.6) | 0.933 |
| Proportion of smokers (%) | 79 | 76 | 0.503 |
| Neoadjuvant therapy (%) | 16 | 10 | 0.110 |
| Histological type | |||
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 155 | 163 | |
| Adenocarcinoma | 1 | 5 | |
| Small cell carcinoma | 1 | 2 | 0.638 |
| Differentiation grade | |||
| Moderate to well-differentiated | 59 | 63 | |
| Poorly differentiated | 98 | 107 | 0.922 |
| Pathological stage | |||
| I | 6 | 18 | |
| II | 80 | 82 | |
| III | 71 | 70 | 0.063 |
| Negative margin | 98.73% | 100% | 0.230 |
| Bleeding volume (ml) | 187.2 ± 88.6 | 241.8 ± 127.4 | 0.0000 |
| Operation time (mins) | 246.1 ± 53.9 | 262.7 ± 65.4 | 0.0132 |
| Complication rate (%) | 24.2 | 40 | 0.359 |
| Cervical anastomotic fistula (%) | 9.5 (9/95) | 5.5 (2/36) | 0.726 |
| Chest anastomotic fistula (%) | 3.2 (2/62) | 0.75 (1/134) | 0.236 |
| laryngeal nerve injury (%) | 3.8 | 2.4 | 0.527 |
| pulmonary inflammation | 12.1 (19/157) | 29.4(50/170) | 0.0000 |
| Mortality within 3 months (%) | 0 | 0 | |
| Lymph nodes dissection | 21.26 ± 7.72 | 23.99 ± 10.15 | 0.0069 |
| Node station | 4.87 ± 1.43 | 4.16 ± 1.26 | 0.0000 |
| No.106rec (right or left) (%) | 78.4 (123/157) | 23.5 (40/170) | 0.0000 |
| No.106rec (right and left) (%) | 64.7 (102/157) | 7.1 (12/170) | 0.0000 |
| No.106tbL node dissection (%) | 31.8(50/157) | 16.5(28/170) | 0.001 |
| Left gastric artery lymph nodes (%) | 12.1 (19/157) | 47.1 (80/170) | 0.0000 |
| No.107 node dissection (%) | 80.4 (126/157) | 80.0 (136/170) | 0.937 |
| Paraesophageal lymph nodes (including No.105, No.108, No.110) | |||
| Dissection (%) | 90.4 (142/157) | 92.9 (158/170) | 0.413 |
| Paracardia lymph nodes | |||
| Dissection (%) | 41.4 (65/157) | 42.4 (72/170) | 0.862 |
| Paragastric lymph nodes | |||
| Dissection (%) | 47.1 (74/157) | 47.1 (80/170) | 0.278 |