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. 2021 Nov 10;142:106934. doi: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106934

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Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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Fig. 3 — Association between ACE1 rs1799752 polymorphism and COVID-19 infection as well as ACE1 mRNA levels by rs1799752 genotypes. (a) The results of association tests under five different inheritance models are shown. The Odds Ratios (plus Confidence Intervals) are reported on the X axis in a linear scale. Data on the right of Y axis indicates causative effects toward the risk and the data on the left indicates protective effects. The ACE1 rs1799752 polymorphism was associated with a high risk of COVID-19 in dominant and co-dominant models. In the dominant model, the presence of at least one mutated (−) allele was tested against the homozygous wildtype genotype (wt/wt). The ACE1 rs1799752 polymorphism showed a significant protective effect against COVID-19 risk in over-dominant model. (b) In the total population of patients and controls, different ACE1 mRNA levels were observed among carriers of different rs1799752 genotypes; of note, ID genotype carriers showed a higher expression of ACE1 compared with II genotype carriers (P = 0.01). The level of Odds Ratios was showed as FDR adjusted q-values. MAF: minor allele frequency.