Table.
CLECS 2.0 Items Across 3 Clinical Settings With Post Hoc Comparisons
| Mean (SD) | Friedman Testa | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subscale | Item | TCE | F2FS | SBS | χ2 (df = 2) | Significant Post Hoc Comparisons |
| Communication | 1. Preparing to care for patient | 3.58 (0.68) | 3.22 (0.80) | 2.46 (1.01) | 79.61b | B, C |
| 2. Communicating with interdisciplinary team | 3.36 (0.82) | 2.86 (1.04) | 2.04 (1.03) | 82.66b | B, C | |
| 3. Interacting with patient | 3.74 (0.56) | 2.92 (0.93) | 2.19 (1.05) | 108.13b | A, B | |
| 4. Providing information and support to patient's family | 3.18 (0.85) | 2.63 (1.08) | 1.84 (0.98) | 86.93b | B, C | |
| Nursing process | 5. Understanding rationale for patient's treatment plan | 3.46 (0.67) | 3.13 (0.84) | 2.66 (0.95) | 57.66b | B |
| 6. Understanding patient's pathophysiology | 3.46 (0.69) | 3.19 (0.85) | 2.91 (0.92) | 30.90b | -- | |
| 7. Identifying patient's problems | 3.53 (0.66) | 3.31 (0.78) | 2.86 (0.93) | 42.30b | B | |
| 8. Implementing care plan | 3.33 (0.83) | 3.03 (0.96) | 2.55 (0.99) | 37.14b | B | |
| 9. Prioritizing care | 3.40 (0.79) | 3.20 (0.86) | 2.74 (0.99) | 38.41b | B, C | |
| 10. Performing appropriate assessment | 3.63 (0.66) | 3.26 (0.84) | 2.50 (1.05) | 78.07b | B | |
| Holism | 12. Assessing outcomes of care provided | 3.27 (0.83) | 2.96 (1.02) | 2.33 (1.05) | 49.27b | B |
| 13. Identifying short- and long-term nursing goals | 3.27 (0.82) | 2.78 (0.99) | 2.29 (0.99) | 63.82b | B | |
| 14. Discussing patient's psychosocial needs | 3.22 (0.86) | 2.70 (1.08) | 2.23 (1.09) | 59.07b | B | |
| 15. Discussing patient's developmental needs | 3.18 (0.88) | 2.62 (1.05) | 2.19 (1.04) | 55.97b | B | |
| 16. Discussing patient's spiritual needs | 2.86 (1.05) | 2.44 (1.08) | 1.94 (0.98) | 52.52b | B | |
| 17. Discussing patient's cultural needs | 2.93 (0.95) | 2.48 (1.02) | 1.96 (1.00) | 63.97b | B | |
| Critical thinking | 18. Anticipating and recognizing changes in patient's condition | 3.42 (0.79) | 3.05 (0.89) | 2.42 (1.02) | 59.28b | B |
| 19. Taking appropriate action when patient's condition changes | 3.40 (0.75) | 3.17 (0.89) | 2.43 (1.05) | 60.70b | B, C | |
| Self-efficacy | 21. Reacting calmly to changes in my patient's condition | 3.34 (0.75) | 3.03 (0.85) | 2.50 (1.06) | 37.27b | B |
| 22. Knowing what to do if I make an error in my care | 3.11 (0.88) | 2.92 (0.9) | 2.27 (0.96) | 49.78b | B, C | |
| 23. Being confident in my decisions | 3.04 (0.78) | 2.81 (0.93) | 2.27 (0.98) | 44.65b | B | |
| 27. Feeling confident in abilities | 3.17 (0.85) | 2.84 (0.91) | 2.25 (0.94) | 57.25b | B | |
| Teaching-learning dyad | 24. Having instructor available to me | 3.50 (0.76) | 3.29 (0.89) | 2.50 (1.13) | 59.58b | B, C |
| 25. Feeling challenged and stimulated | 3.54 (0.73) | 3.20 (0.87) | 2.35 (1.06) | 84.33b | B, C | |
| 26. Receiving immediate feedback on performance | 3.37 (0.88) | 3.35 (0.85) | 2.74 (1.03) | 29.96b | -- | |
| 28. Feeling supported by instructor and peers when making care-related decisions | 3.50 (0.75) | 3.25 (0.9) | 2.44 (1.14) | 60.52b | B, C | |
| 29. Improving my critical thinking skills with experiences | 3.52 (0.66) | 3.22 (0.92) | 2.45 (1.04) | 64.77b | B, C | |
| Unassigned to subscale | 11. Evaluating the effects of medications administered | 3.30 (0.82) | 2.81 (1.05) | 2.35 (1.06) | 45.46b | B |
| 20. Thoroughly documenting patient care | 3.50 (0.78) | 2.58 (1.05) | 2.12 (1.07) | 97.07b | A, B | |
Abbreviations: CLECS, Clinical Learning Environment Comparison Survey; F2FS, face-to-face simulation; SBS, screen-based simulation; TCE, traditional clinical environment.
A = statistically significant difference between traditional clinical and face-to-face simulation. B = statistically significant difference between traditional clinical and screen-based simulation. C = statistically significant difference between face-to-face simulation and screen-based simulation.
aEach Friedman test had 2 degrees of freedom (df), and the critical difference in each post hoc test was 62.4 (α = 0.0001).
bP < .0001.