Table 5.
Other diagnostic evaluations in patients with PANDAS or PANS.
| References | No. of patients | Results |
|---|---|---|
| Snider et al. (68) |
60 PANDAS | Mild mitral regurgitation (1.7%). |
| Murciano et al. (69) |
30 PANS/PANDAS | Cardiac auscultation abnormalities (60%). ECG abnormalities (6.6%). Echocardiography abnormalities (20%). |
| Quagliarello et al. (70) |
30 PANS/PANDAS | Alterations of gut microbial biomarkers. |
| Loffredo et al. (71) |
30 PANDAS | Increased serum levels of oxidative stress and gut-derived lipopolysaccharides (LPS). |
| Cocuzza et al. (72) |
130 PANDAS | Otorhinolaryngologic symptoms (67.7%). |
| Luleyap et al. (73) |
42 PANDAS | TNF-α gene promoter region−308 G/A AA polymorphism in 32/42 (76.2%). |
| Celik et al. (74) |
59 PANDAS, 23 PANDAS variants | The presence of any variant of MBL2 gene was found in 14.50-fold increased frequency in the PANDAS subgroup compared with the non-PANDAS subgroup. |