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. 2021 Oct 27;9:746639. doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.746639

Table 5.

Other diagnostic evaluations in patients with PANDAS or PANS.

References No. of patients Results
Snider et al.
(68)
60 PANDAS Mild mitral regurgitation (1.7%).
Murciano et al.
(69)
30 PANS/PANDAS Cardiac auscultation abnormalities (60%).
ECG abnormalities (6.6%).
Echocardiography abnormalities (20%).
Quagliarello et al.
(70)
30 PANS/PANDAS Alterations of gut microbial biomarkers.
Loffredo et al.
(71)
30 PANDAS Increased serum levels of oxidative stress and gut-derived lipopolysaccharides (LPS).
Cocuzza et al.
(72)
130 PANDAS Otorhinolaryngologic symptoms (67.7%).
Luleyap et al.
(73)
42 PANDAS TNF-α gene promoter region−308 G/A AA polymorphism in 32/42 (76.2%).
Celik et al.
(74)
59 PANDAS, 23 PANDAS variants The presence of any variant of MBL2 gene was found in 14.50-fold increased frequency in the PANDAS subgroup compared with the non-PANDAS subgroup.