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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Affect Disord Rep. 2021 Jul 10;6:100190. doi: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100190

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Effects of up to three months of twice daily transcutaneous cervical Vagal Nerve Stimulation (tcVNS) (on the left, red lines) or sham stimulation (on the right, blue lines) on symptoms of PTSD as measured with the PTSD Checklist (PCL). Individual participants are shown with lines separating pre- and post-treatment; lines with bars represent means and SD before and after treatment for both groups. Active tcVNS resulted in a 17% reduction in PTSD symptoms (p=.013) and sham stimulation a 13% reduction in PTSD symptoms after treatment (p=.15) (*p<.05 from pretreatment).