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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Affect Disord Rep. 2021 Jul 10;6:100190. doi: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100190

Figure 6.

Figure 6.

Effects of tcVNS and sham on autonomic anxiety as measured with the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (Ham-A). Scores represent the sum of items for gastrointestinal and autonomic somatic anxiety (see text) at baseline and with three months of twice daily tcVNS (on the left, red lines) or sham stimulation (on the right, blue lines) on autonomic anxiety as measured with the Ham-A. Individual participants are shown with lines separating pre- and post-treatment; lines with bars represent means and SD before and after treatment for both groups. There was a −46% decrease in Ham-A somatic anxiety in the tcVNS group (p=.036) versus a −35% change in the sham stimulation group (p=.22) (*p<.05 from pretreatment).