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Effects of tcVNS (red lines, right side) or sham (blue lines, left side) on interleukin-6 (IL-6) at baseline (base) and following repeated exposure to traumatic script stress (post) in patients with PTSD. Lines connect pre and post stress in individual patients and bars represent the means for each group. There was a significant increase in IL-6 in the sham group (*p<0.05) not seen in the PTSD group.
