Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of covariate and outcome variables.
| MPO | MNPO | UNPO | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Category | M (SD) or % | M (SD) or % | M (SD) or % | p-value | |||
|
| ||||||||
| M1 & M2 | M1 | M2 | M1 | M2 | M1 | M2 | ||
|
|
||||||||
| Age | – | 78.05 (5.18) | 77.97 (5.40) | 78.67 (5.54) | 79.02 (5.67) | 78.38 (5.59) | 0.89 | 0.29 |
| Race | White | 59.8% | 60.4% | 58.0% | 34.2% | 36.4% | 0.91 | 0.74 |
| Sex | Female | 50.3% | 53.9% | 49.7% | 57.6% | 61.4% | 0.52 | 0.91 |
| Rurality | Rural | 60.4% | 59.8% | 61.0% | 33.7% | 32.6% | 0.91 | 0.91 |
| Income | Less than $20k | 51.5% | 50.9% | 46.7% | 64.1% | 67.9% | 0.32 | 0.30 |
| $20k–$49,999 | 33.7% | 36.1% | 40.8% | 29.9% | 25.6% | |||
| $50k or more | 14.8% | 13.0% | 12.4% | 6.0% | 6.5% | |||
| MS | Married | 54.4% | 51.5% | 53.3% | 39.1% | 37.5% | 0.99 | 0.99 |
| Widowed | 37.9% | 40.8% | 39.6% | 48.4% | 49.5% | |||
| Separated | 1.8% | 1.8% | 1.8% | 2.7% | 2.7% | |||
| Divorced | 3.6% | 3.6% | 3.6% | 6.0% | 6.0% | |||
| Never married | 2.4% | 2.4% | 1.8% | 3.8% | 4.4% | |||
| Health | – | 3.04 (0.65) | 2.97 (0.65) | – | 2.71 (0.78) | – | 0.93 | – |
| ADLs | – | 1.39 (3.05) | 0.75 (1.99) | – | 2.28 (3.48) | – | 0.35 | – |
| IADLs | – | 1.53 (3.12) | 1.44 (3.04) | – | 4.27 (4.84) | – | 0.78 | – |
| GDS-SF | – | 0.94 (1.41) | 0.88 (1.28) | 1.27 (1.78) | 1.59 (1.82) | 1.24 (1.47) | 0.69 | 0.06 |
| AIMS2 | – | 7.75 (1.88) | 8.04 (1.92) | 8.59 (2.67) | 8.61 (2.68) | 8.10 (2.02) | 0.17 | 0.001 |
Note: Total n = 522 with 169 pet owners matched (MPO) with 169 non-pet owners (MNPO) and 184 unmatched non-pet owners (UNPO) excluded from the analyses for each match. MS = marital status, Health = self-reported health, ADLs = activities of daily living, IADLs = instrumental activities of daily living, GDS-SF = Geriatric Depression Scale – Short Form, AIMS2 = Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 Level of Tension, M1 = PSM 1 with health variables, M2 = PSM 2 without health variables. M1 and M2 matched pet-owners are the same participants in each group. P-value indicates difference between matched pet owners and non-pet owners on each variable.