. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2021 Apr 21;56(7):1201–1210. doi: 10.1007/s00127-020-02013-5

Table 2.

Association between Childhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Incident Clinical Depression Diagnosis After Age 30 among Women in the Sister Study

	Hazard Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)
	Model 1^a	Model 2^b
Highest Level of Household Education at Age 13
≥ Bachelor’s degree	1.0	1.0
Some College	0.90 (0.79, 1.03)	0.90 (0.79, 1.02)
High School	0.78 (0.70, 0.87)^*	0.78 (0.69, 0.87)^*
< High School	0.78 (0.68, 0.90)^*	0.78 (0.67, 0.90)^*
Some College * time	1.02 (1.00, 1.02)	1.01, 1.00, 1.02)
High School * time	1.02 (1.01, 1.02)^*	1.02 (1.01, 1.02)^*
< High School * time	1.02 (1.01, 1.03)^*	1.02 (1.01, 1.03)^*
Rank of Family Income Relative to Others Majority of Childhood
Well-off	1.0	1.0
Middle Income	0.98 (0.89, 1.08)	0.98 (0.89, 1.07)
Low Income	1.08 (0.98, 1.20)	1.08 (0.98, 1.20)
Poor	1.28 (1.13, 1.44)^*	1.28 (1.13, 1.44)^*
Report of Not Enough Food to Eat During Anytime in Childhood
No	1.0	1.0
Yes	1.31 (1.21, 1.41)^*	1.31 (1.21, 1.41)^*

Model 1 for household educational attainment (N=46566) adjusted for women’s race/ethnicity, mother’s age at birth, and household composition at age 13. Model 1 for family income the majority of childhood (N=46474) adjusted for women’s race/ethnicity, mother’s age at birth, household composition at age 13, and highest level of household education at age 13. Model 1 for food insecurity (N=46454) adjusted for women’s race/ethnicity, mother’s age at birth, household composition at age 13, family income the majority of childhood and highest level of household education at age 13.

Model 2 for all models additionally adjusted for educational attainment in adulthood. All models additionally were also adjusted for calendar year of birth.

p <0.05.