Table 3.
Association between Childhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Incident Clinical Depression Diagnosis After Age 30, Stratified by 10-Year Birth Group, among Women in the Sister Study
| Hazard Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1925–1934 | 1935–1944 | 1945–1954 | 1955–1964 | 1965–1974 | |
| Highest Level of Household Education at Age 13 | |||||
| ≥ Bachelor’s degree | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Some College | 0.97 (0.59, 1.60) | 0.80 (0.56, 1.16) | 0.75 (0.60, 0.95)* | 0.97 (0.85, 1.09) | 0.97 (0.70, 1.35) |
| High School | 0.94 (0.59, 1.49) | 0.66 (0.48, 0.90)* | 0.67 (0.54, 0.82)* | 0.95 (0.85, 1.05) | 0.93 (0.69, 1.23) |
| < High School | 1.16 (0.75, 1.81) | 0.46 (0.32, 0.67)* | 0.67 (0.51, 0.88)* | 1.02 (0.88, 1.18) | 1.15 (0.75, 1.75) |
| Some College * time | -- | 1.01 (0.99, 1.02) | 1.02 (1.01, 1.04)* | -- | |
| High School * time | -- | 1.02 (1.00, 1.03) | 1.03 (1.01, 1.04)* | -- | |
| < High School * time | -- | 1.03 (1.01, 1.04)* | 1.03 (1.01, 1.04)* | -- | |
| Rank of Family Income Relative to Others Majority of Childhood | |||||
| Well-off | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Middle Income | 1.12 (0.59, 2.78) | 1.04 (0.84, 1.28) | 0.92 (0.80, 1.05) | 1.12 (0.93, 1.34) | 0.67 (0.46, 0.98)* |
| Low Income | 0.95 (0.47, 1.92) | 1.07 (0.85, 1.34) | 1.02 (0.87, 1.19) | 1.34 (1.10, 1.64)* | 0.62 (0.39, 0.98)* |
| Poor | 1.28 (0.59, 2.78) | 1.23 (0.94, 1.61) | 1.18 (0.98, 1.41) | 1.58 (1.23, 2.03)* | 0.78 (0.42, 1.46) |
| Report of Not Enough Food to Eat During Anytime in Childhood | |||||
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 1.10 (0.65, 1.84) | 1.27 (1.06, 1.52)* | 1.30 (1.16, 1.44)* | 1.31 (1.13, 1.51)* | 1.20 (0.79, 1.84) |
Model for household educational attainment adjusted for women’s race/ethnicity, mother’s age at birth, household composition at age 13, and participant’s educational attainment (N=1,541, 10,883, 18,112, 13,064 and 2,966 for models for 10-year birth groups 1925–1934, 1935–1944, 1945–1954, 1955–1964, and 1965–1974, respectively).
Model for family income the majority of childhood adjusted for women’s race/ethnicity, mother’s age at birth, household composition at age 13, highest level of household education at age 13 and participant’s educational attainment (N=1,533, 10,854, 18,083, 13,042,and 2,962 for models for 10-year birth groups 1925–1934, 1935–1944, 1945–1954, 1955–1964, and 1965–1974, respectively).
Model for food insecurity adjusted for women’s race/ethnicity, mother’s age at birth, household composition at age 13, family income the majority of childhood, highest level of household education at age 13 and participant’s educational attainment (N=1,532, 10,853, 18,076, 13,031, and 2,926 for models for 10-year birth groups 1925–1934, 1935–1944, 1945–1954, 1955–1964, and 1965–1974, respectively).
p<0.05