Table 5. Multivariable logistic regression analysis of identified risk factors for mental health outcomes.
| Outcomes | Moderate & Severe Symptom (N)/Total Number | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| IES-R, PTSD | |||
| COVID Patients Cared For | |||
| None | 709 / 1584 | 1 | |
| 1 | 116 / 227 | 0.98 (0.54–1.77) | .95 |
| 2–5 | 323 / 602 | 1.59 (1.06–2.38) | .01 |
| 6+ | 528 / 931 | 1.30 (0.90–1.88) | .16 |
| Profession | |||
| Allied Health | 473 / 963 | 1 | |
| Nurses | 647 / 1157 | 1.11 (0.78–1.58) | .56 |
| Physicians | 100 / 319 | 0.46 (0.25–0.83) | .01 |
| Non-Clinical | 465 / 918 | 1.26 (0.86–1.85) | .67 |
| Placed in Isolation | |||
| No | 1289 / 2733 | 1 | |
| Yes | 227 / 623 | 1.36 (0.96–1.93) | .05 |
| Sedative Use | |||
| No | 1217 / 2755 | 1 | |
| Yes | 384 / 473 | 2.55 (1.61–4.03) | < .001 |
| Started/Increased Alcohol Use | |||
| No | 1034 / 2384 | 1 | |
| Yes | 584 / 872 | 1.96 (1.39–2.76) | < .001 |
| Institution Type | |||
| Community | 803 / 1749 | 1 | |
| Tertiary Care | 879 / 1604 | 1.88 (1.39–2.54) | < .001 |
| Experience | |||
| <1 Year | 58 / 112 | 1 | |
| 1–5 Years | 421 / 764 | 0.68 (0.32–1.47) | .33 |
| 6–16 Years | 589 / 1153 | 0.55 (0.26–1.17) | .12 |
| 17+ Years | 613 / 1321 | 0.37 (0.17–0.84) | .01 |
| Sleep Quality Deteriorated | |||
| No | 323 / 1411 | 1 | |
| Yes | 1359 / 1940 | 4.68 (3.74–6.30) | < .001 |
| Managing Without Professional Mental Health Support | |||
| No | 596 / 761 | 1 | |
| Yes | 1425 / 2414 | 0.31 (0.21–0.44) | < .001 |
| GAD-7, Anxiety | |||
| Sex | |||
| Male | 94 / 531 | 1 | |
| Female | 714 / 2782 | 1.59 (0.97–2.62) | .05 |
| Age | |||
| 18–45 | 575 / 2066 | 1 | |
| 46–59 | 149 / 730 | 0.54 (0.35–0.81) | .001 |
| 60+ | 81 / 461 | 0.40 (0.22–0.71) | .001 |
| Marital Status | |||
| Married | 461 / 2101 | 1 | |
| Unmarried | 357 / 1230 | 1.55 (1.12–2.15) | .001 |
| Profession | |||
| Allied Health | 232 / 959 | 1 | |
| Nurses | 313 / 1148 | 1.11 (0.75–1.64) | .60 |
| Physicians | 51 / 326 | 0.96 (0.47–1.96) | .92 |
| Non-clinical | 231 / 922 | 1.68 (1.09–2.59) | .01 |
| Quarantined | |||
| No | 653 / 2752 | 1 | |
| Yes | 133 / 440 | 1.48 (0.98–2.24) | .05 |
| Started/Increased Alcohol | |||
| No | 475 / 2376 | 1 | |
| Yes | 319 / 868 | 1.68 (1.19–2.35) | .001 |
| Sleep Quality Deteriorated | |||
| No | 122 / 1406 | 1 | |
| Yes | 704 / 1916 | 3.09 (2.11–4.53) | < .001 |
| Managing Without Professional Mental Health Support | |||
| No | 395 / 757 | 1 | |
| Yes | 397 / 2389 | 0.24 (0.17–0.34) | < .001 |
| PHQ-9, Depression | |||
| Marital Status | |||
| Married | 585 / 2112 | 1 | |
| Unmarried | 464 / 1231 | 1.65 (1.19–2.27) | .001 |
| Profession | |||
| Allied Health | 292 / 960 | 1 | |
| Nurses | 394 / 1157 | 1.07 (0.74–1.56) | .71 |
| Physicians | 56 / 327 | 0.46 (0.22–0.99) | .01 |
| Non-clinical | 317 / 922 | 2.03 (1.34–3.07) | < .001 |
| Sedative Use | |||
| No | 715 / 2761 | 1 | |
| Yes | 290 / 466 | 2.02 (1.37–2.97) | < .001 |
| Started/Increased Alcohol | |||
| No | 617 / 2386 | 1 | |
| Yes | 404 / 869 | 1.72 (1.23–2.41) | .001 |
| Institution | |||
| Community | 512 / 1783 | 1 | |
| Tertiary | 547 / 1580 | 1.32 (0.96–1.81) | .05 |
| Sleep Quality Deteriorated | |||
| No | 134 /1409 | 1 | |
| Yes | 923 / 1923 | 5.07 (3.48–7.39) | < .001 |
| Managing Without Professional Mental Health Support | |||
| No | 464 / 760 | 1 | |
| Yes | 540 / 2397 | 0.31 (0.22–0.43) | < .001 |
GAD-7, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder; IES-R, 22-item Impact of Event Scale-Revised; PHQ-9, 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire; PTSD: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.